Columbia-Moses language

Columbia-Moses, or Columbia-Wenatchi, is a Southern Interior Salish language, also known as Nxaảmxcín. Speakers currently reside on the Colville Indian Reservation

Columbia-Moses
Columbia-Wenatchi
Nxaảmxcín
Native toUnited States of America
Regionnorthern Idaho, eastern Washington
Ethnicity230 (2000 census)[1]
Native speakers
40 (2007)[1]
Salishan
Dialects
  • Columbian
  • Wenatchi
Language codes
ISO 639-3col
Glottologcolu1241[2]

There are two dialects, Columbia (Sinkiuse, Columbian) and Wenatchi (Wenatchee, Entiat, Chelan). Wenatchi is the heritage language of the Wenatchi, Chelan, and Entiat tribes, Columbian of the Sinkiuse-Columbia.

Phonology

Phonology of the Columbia-Wenatchi dialect:

Consonants
Bilabial Alveolar Lateral Palatal Velar Uvular Pharyngeal Glottal
nor. lab. nor. lab. nor. lab.
Plosive plain p t k kʷ q qʷ ʔ
glottalized pʼ tʼ kʼ kʼʷ qʼ qʼʷ
Affricate plain ts
glottalized tsʼ tɬʼ
Fricative s ɬ x xʷ χ χʷ ħ ħʷ h
Nasal plain m n
glottalized mʼ nʼ
Trill plain r
glottalized rʼ
Approximant plain w l j ʕ ʕʷ
glottalized wʼ lʼ jʼ ʕʼ ʕʼʷ

The three vowels in Columbia-Moses are /i/, /a/, /u/. They are sometimes transcribed as [e]; /i/, [o]; /u/, and [æ]; /a/, and could also tend to sound unstressed, almost as a schwa sound, /ə/.

References
  1. Columbia-Moses at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
  2. Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Columbia-Wenatchi". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.

Further reading
  • Czaykowska-Higgins, Ewa and Paul Proulx. 2000. "REVIEWS - What's in a Word? Structure in Moses-Columbia Salish". International Journal of American Linguistics. 66, no. 3: 410.
  • Kinkade, M. Dale. Dictionary of the Moses-Columbia Language (Nxaảmxcín). Nespelem, Wash: Colville Confederated Tribes, 1981.
  • Mattina, Nancy. 2006. "Determiner Phrases in Moses-Columbia Salish". International Journal of American Linguistics. 72, no. 1: 97.
  • Willet, Marie Louise. 2003." A Grammatical Sketch of Nxa'amxcin" PhD Thesis, University of Victoria.


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