Collodictyonidae

Collodictyonidae (also Diphylleidae) is a group of aquatic, unicellular eukaryotic organisms with two to four terminal flagella. They feed by phagocytosis, ingesting other unicellular organisms like algae and bacteria. The most remarkable fact of this clade is its uncertain position in the tree of life. A recent phylogenomic analysis places it either as sister group of the excavate protist Malawimonas or as sister group of the Bikonta clade, although both positions received considerably low branch support values.[1] This means that Collodictyonidae is somewhere near the root of the Eukaryote tree, probably close to the unikont–bikont bifurcation.

Collodictyonidae
Collodictyon sp.
Scientific classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Clade: Opimoda
Clade: Podiata
Clade: CRuMs
Family: Collodictyonidae
Brugerolle et al. 2002
Genera
  • Collodictyon Carter 1865
  • Diphylleia Massart 1920 non Michaux 1803
Synonyms
  • Diphylleidae Cavalier-Smith 1993

Recent molecular analyses place Collodictyonids (e.g. Collodictyon) ins a clade also containing Rigifilida and Mantamonadidae. This clade has been name CRuMs and is sister to Amorphea.[2][3]

Phylogeny
Scotokaryota
 

Metamonada Cavalier-Smith 1987 emend. Cavalier-Smith 2003

 
Opimoda
 

Ancyromonadida Cavalier-Smith 1998 emend. Atkins 2000

 
 
 

Malawimonadea Cavalier-Smith 2003

 
 
Amorphea
 

Amoebozoa Lühe 1913 emend. Cavalier-Smith 1998

 
Obazoa
 

Breviatea Cavalier-Smith 2004

 
 
 

Apusomonadida Karpov & Mylnikov 1989

 
 

Opisthokonta

 
 
 
 
CRuMs[3]
 

Mantamonadida Cavalier-Smith 2004

 
 
 

Rigifilida Karpov & Mylnikov 1989

 
 

Diphylleida Cavalier-Smith 1993

 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Taxonomy
  • Class Diphyllatea Cavalier-Smith 2003 [Anisomonadea; Diphyllatia Cavalier-Smith 2003]
    • Order Diphylleida Cavalier-Smith 1993 [Collodictyonida]
      • Family Sulcomonadidae Cavalier-Smith 2012
        • Genus Sulcomonas Brugerolle 2006
          • Species S. lacustris Brugerolle 2006
      • Family Diphylleidae Cavalier-Smith 1993 [Collodictyonidae Brugerolle et al. 2002]
        • Genus Diphylleia Massart 1920 non Michaux 1803 [Aulacomonas Skuja 1939]
          • Species D. rotans Massart 1920 [Aulacomonas submarina Skuja 1939]
        • Genus Collodictyon Carter 1865
          • Species C. hongkongense Skvortzov 1968
          • Species C. indicum Iyengar 1981
          • Species C. oxycareni Franchini 1922
          • Species C. sparsevacuolatum Skuja 1956
          • Species C. triciliatum Carter 1865

References
  1. Zhao, Sen; Fabien Burki; Jon Bråte; Patrick Keeling; Dag Klaveness; Kamran Shalchian-Tabrizi (2012). "Collodictyon – An Ancient Lineage in the Tree of Eukaryotes". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 29 (6): 1557–68. doi:10.1093/molbev/mss001. PMC 3351787. PMID 22319147.
  2. Lax, Gordon; Eglit, Yana; Eme, Laura; Bertrand, Erin M.; Roger, Andrew J.; Simpson, Alastair G. B. (2018-11-14). "Hemimastigophora is a novel supra-kingdom-level lineage of eukaryotes". Nature. 564 (7736): 410–414. doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0708-8. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 30429611.
  3. Brown, Matthew W; Heiss, Aaron A; Kamikawa, Ryoma; Inagaki, Yuji; Yabuki, Akinori; Tice, Alexander K; Shiratori, Takashi; Ishida, Ken-Ichiro; Hashimoto, Tetsuo (2018-01-19). "Phylogenomics Places Orphan Protistan Lineages in a Novel Eukaryotic Super-Group". Genome Biology and Evolution. 10 (2): 427–433. doi:10.1093/gbe/evy014. ISSN 1759-6653. PMC 5793813. PMID 29360967.
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