Clan Moffat

The Clan Moffat are a family from the Scottish Borders who were powerful and influential as far back as the time of William Wallace.[3] It is likely that the ancestor of the Moffats gave their name to the town of Moffat in Dumfriesshire.[3] The name Moffat may be of Norse origin.[3]

William de Movat Alto, progenitor of the Movats, married the youngest daughter of Andlaw, who came from Norway to Scotland in the tenth century.[3] Over the years the name became Montealt, then Movat, then Movest then eventually Moffat in its modern form.[3] By the twelfth century the family were recorded as "de Moffet" which showed that they were considered to be principal lairds or land owners.[3]

Nicholas de Moffat was Bishop of Glasgow in 1286 and the armorial bearings of each branch of the clan indicates a connection with the church.[3]

In 1300 the Moffats were granted four charters of land in the barony of Westerkirk from Robert the Bruce who was then Lord of Annandale.[3] One of these charters was granted to Adam Moffat of Knock.[3] He and his brother both fought at the Battle of Bannockburn in 1314, along with many of the Moffat clansmen during the Wars of Scottish Independence.[3] In 1336 the king of England granted safe conduct to William de Moffete and others, described as coming as ambassadors to David de Brus (David II of Scotland).[3] Walter de Moffat who was Archdeacon of Lothian was appointed ambassador to France in 1337.[3]

Although there were Moffats in Moffat before 1300, their names are not known.[3] In 1342 they were granted the feu of Granton and Reddings by Sir John Douglas, Lord of Annandale.[3] These lands remained the principal holdings of the clan until they were passed over to the Johnstones because of overwhelming debt in 1628.[3]

The Clan Moffat like most other Border clans were raiders and Border Reivers, and had many feuds with other clans.[3] Their most notable enemies was the powerful Clan Johnstone.[3] The Johnstones murdered Robert Moffat, who was possibly the clan chief, in 1557 and also burned a building in which a number of Moffats had gathered, slaughtering those who tried to escape.[3] From that date the Clan Moffat was considered a leaderless clan until 1983 when the Lord Lyon King of Arms recognised Francis Moffat as chief after many years of research.[3]

From at least the mid sixteenth century the clan was without a chief, until 1983 when after many years of research, Francis Moffat was granted the undifferenced Arms of Moffat of that Ilk, and recognised as the hereditary chief of the clan by Lord Lyon King of Arms.[3][4] In April 1992, the chiefship passed to his daughter, Jean Moffat of that Ilk.[2][4]

The surname Moffat/Moffatt is a territorial name of Norman origin with Gaelic Anglicization, given to the town of Moffat in Dumfriesshire.[5] This quasi-place-name has been theorized to be translated as "the long plain," which possibly could be derived from two elements: magh ("plain") and fada ("long").[5] The area of Moffat does not resemble a "long plain" at all, so it is thought that "Moffat" was the locals' attempt at saying "Mowat" as the Mowats, Moffats, and Montaltos all share a common progenitor and at one time bore identical arms (Major Francis Moffat of that Ilk, "The Moffats"). Records as far back as the 1300s show an individual named "Monte Alto, pronounced 'Mowat.'" This is an example of the Anglicization of a Norman name. A good example of this is Belvoir Castle which is pronounced "Beaver Castle." The castle in no way resembles a furry aquatic mammal, but to the locals it was easier to say. Similarly, the name Monte Alto (pronounced "Mowat") was written as Movvat, and from there "very easily corruptible to Moffat" (Major Francis Moffat of that Ilk, "The Moffats").

• Clan chief: Jean Moffat of that Ilk, Chief of the Name and Arms of Moffat.[2]
• Clansman's Badge: A member of the Clan may wear a Badge consisting of the Crest from the Chief's Arms encircled by a strap and buckle . The Moffat Chief's arms has "a crest coronet and issuing there from a cross crosslet fitchee Sable surmounted of a saltire Argent".[6]
• Clan motto: Spero meliora (translation from Latin: I aspire to greater things.[6])(Spero meliora is often poorly translated to: I hope for better things.)[7][8]
• Without contradicting the foregoing, for example "Latin is simple"[9] indicates that spero[10] is First Person Singular Present Active Indicative and therefore "I hope" and secondly that meliora[11] is Imperative Singular and therefore "be thou/you improved/better!" and therefore "improve thyself/yourself!", which suggests to me that the motto speaks about self improvement. That the persons of the two verbs do not agree does not need to suggest that the I of spero and the you of meliora are different people, so that the motto says "I hope/want/desire that you improve yourself", that would make a very poor motto. I conclude then that the I of spero and you of meliora are one and the same, and the speaker of the motto here is addressing himself. The motto should then be rendered in English as: I hope "Better yourself!", which is quite stilted English, but can be paraphrased as "My hope is to improve myself" or "I hope to improve myself". The difficulty we have is to obtain a sense of the imperative which is derived from meliora! It is not easy to convey using the literal words derived from the Latin, which I am sure convey exactly the feelings that for example a concert pianist would have every time in rehearsal that his finger slipped onto the wrong note; he would exhort, perhaps berate, himself in just these terms: You can do better than that! In the performance he hopes that he shall indeed do better. Spero meliora! he intones to himself as he walks into the performance room. In the words of the editor of suggested answers, the remainder of the solution is straightforward and so left as an exercise for the reader.

The Moffat family tartan is a very modern tartan, created by Major Francis Moffat of that Ilk, after being recognised as the chief of the clan in 1983.[12] The tartan is heavily based upon the Clan Douglas tartan.[12] According to Major Francis Moffat of that Ilk, in his book, "The Moffats," the colors he selected for the modern tartan (black, silver, and a very small amount of red) were taken from the most ancient arms coats associated with the Moffats, a black rampant lion on a silver field, with red teeth and claws.