Christopher Nowinski

Christopher John Nowinski (born September 24, 1978) is an American author, co-founder and CEO of the Concussion Legacy Foundation, co-founder of the Boston University CTE Center[4]; as well as a former professional wrestler with World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). Nowinski was WWE's first Harvard University alumnus, as he graduated with a BA in sociology. Nowinski also played college football at Harvard, where he was an All-Ivy defensive tackle. He also holds a Ph.D. in Behavioral Neuroscience from Boston University.[5] He is also recognized as the youngest Hardcore Champion in WWE history. Following his wrestling career, he wrote Head Games: Football's Concussion Crisis, which examined the long-term effects of head trauma among athletes, and also became a documentary.

Christopher Nowinski
Nowinski in 2005
Born
Christopher John Nowinski

(1978-09-24) September 24, 1978[1]
Oak Park, Illinois[1]
Alma materHarvard University (BA)
Boston University (PhD)
OccupationCo-founder and CEO of Concussion Legacy Foundation
author
Professional wrestler
Years active2001–2003 (wrestler)
ResidenceBoston, Massachusetts[1]
Ring name(s)Chris Harvard[1]
Harvard Chris[2]
Christopher Nowinski[1]
Chris Nowinski
Billed height6 ft 5 in (1.96 m)[1]
Billed weight270 lb (120 kg)[1]
Trained byAl Snow[1]
Killer Kowalski[2]
Tazz[1]
DebutJune 29, 2001[2]
RetiredJune 24, 2003[3]

Vice called Dr. Nowinski “the man most responsible for making CTE part of the national conversation” and in 2010 Sports Illustrated said “It is Nowinski's figure which looms behind the doctors and the headlines and the debate roiling over sports' newfound commitment to minimizing head trauma."[6][7]

Professional wrestling career

Tough Enough circuit and independent work (2001)

Nowinski was one of the three finalists on WWE's (at the time trading as WWF) first season of Tough Enough, which Maven Huffman won. After failing to win the competition, Nowinski made appearances in independent promotions before being hired by WWF and entering its developmental territories.[8] Nowinski competed as Chris Harvard, capitalizing on his status as an alumnus of Harvard University.[9] Nowinski made his first major independent appearance in London, UK for the Frontier Wrestling Alliance promotion at its Lights Camera Action show on December 14, 2001. Nowinski competed in its main event teaming up with Alex Shane to defeat Drew McDonald and Flash Barker.[10] Though this was the only show Nowinski did for the promotion, he regards it as the best promotion he has ever worked for outside of WWE.[11]

World Wrestling Entertainment (2002–2003)
Nowinski at a WWE house show in September 2002.

On the June 10, 2002, episode of Raw, Nowinski debuted in WWE as a heel and stayed heel, helping William Regal beat Bradshaw in a European Championship match.[8] Nowinski had a short-lived alliance with Regal, defeating Spike Dudley in his debut match the following week with Regal in his corner.[12] Nowinski teamed with Regal on the June 24 episode of Raw, defeating Bradshaw and Dudley.[13] Nowinski continued to feud with Bradshaw over the next few weeks, with their feud ending on the July 8 episode of Raw, where Nowinski teamed with Jackie Gayda in a losing effort against Bradshaw and Trish Stratus, while also trying to warming up Regal from his breakdown after he lost the European Championship to Jeff Hardy.[14] Nowinski feuded with The Dudley Boyz (Bubba Ray Dudley and Spike Dudley) through the summer.

Nowinski defeated Tommy Dreamer on the September 9 episode of Raw. A week later, Dreamer attacked Nowinski in a classroom. Their feud ended on the October 14 episode of Raw, where Nowinski was once again successful in defeating Dreamer. Over the next few weeks, Nowinski claimed victories over Jeff Hardy and Booker T before starting a feud with his former Tough Enough trainer, Al Snow. After defeating Snow in two consecutive weeks, Maven began to help Snow against Nowinski. On the November 25 episode of Raw, Nowinski went against Maven in a match that ended in a no contest. Nowinski teamed with D'Lo Brown to defeat Snow and Maven on two occasions. Nowinski then continued his feud with Maven into 2003, where Test aligned himself with Maven for a few weeks, successfully defeating Nowinski and Brown on January 13, 2003 episode of Raw.

On the March 31 episode of Raw, Nowinski was defeated by Scott Steiner. The feud come to an end on the May 12 episode of Raw, where Nowinski teamed with La Résistance (Rene Dupree and Sylvain Grenier) in a losing effort against Steiner, Test and Goldust. On the May 26 episode of Raw, Nowinski aligned himself with Thuggin' And Buggin' Enterprises, an African American wrestling stable consisting of Rodney Mack, Jazz and their manager Theodore Long. At Insurrection, Nowinski teamed with Mack and Long in a losing effort against The Dudley Boyz (Bubba Ray Dudley, D-Von Dudley and Spike Dudley). At Bad Blood, Nowinski and Mack defeated The Dudley Boyz (Bubba Ray and Devon). Nowinski wrestled his final match with WWE, due to him suffering with post-concussion syndrome, on the June 23 episode of Raw, in a losing effort against Maven. After a full year of post-concussion symptoms he chose to retire from wrestling.[15]

Writing career
Nowinski appearing at the Killer Kowalski Memorial Show in 2008.

In October 2006, Nowinski authored, Head Games: Football's Concussion Crisis, published by the Drummond Publishing Group.[16] The Lancet said "the book sent shockwaves through the National Football League (NFL)" and details his career-ending injury and discusses the dangers of concussions in football and other contact sports; the book includes stories from National Football League (NFL) players and fellow wrestlers, and has an introduction written by former governor of Minnesota and professional wrestler, Jesse Ventura.[17]

Later that year, Nowinski initiated an inquiry into the suicide of Andre Waters, a 44-year-old former NFL defensive back who shot himself on November 20, 2006. Waters had sustained several concussions over his career, and at Nowinski's behest, Waters' family agreed to send pieces of his brain to be tested. Bennet Omalu, a pathologist at the University of Pittsburgh announced that "the condition of Waters' brain tissue was what would be expected in an 85-year-old man, and there were characteristics of someone being in the early stages of Alzheimer's."[18][19]

Nowinski played an integral role in the discovery of the fourth case of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) in a former NFL football player, former Pittsburgh Steelers offensive lineman Justin Strzelczyk, who was killed in an automobile crash in 2004 at age 36.[20] Julian Bailes, the chairman of the department of neurosurgery at West Virginia University and the Steelers' team neurosurgeon during Strzelczyk's career, insisted to Nowinski over a phone conversation that he thought Strzelczyk's death, which was precipitated by strange behavior that some had labeled as "bipolar", was worth looking into due to its similarities to the Andre Waters case. Nowinski contacted Omalu, who discovered the brain was still available, and Nowinski called Mary Strzelczyk, Justin's mother, to ask for permission to Omalu to examine it for CTE. Omalu's positive diagnosis was confirmed by two other neuropathologists.[21][22]

Nowinski also collaborated with Ted Johnson, former New England Patriots linebacker, on revealing symptoms of concussions after Johnson (who received over half a dozen concussions in his career) retired from the NFL after much controversy. Johnson was commissioned to write the foreword in Nowinski's book but at the last minute decided to pull what he had written.[23]

Nowinski alerted police and the coroner of Chris Benoit, asking them to do a brain exam on Benoit's brain to see if concussions had any part in his rage or depression at the time of the double-homicide of his family and his suicide.[24] In June 2007, Nowinski co-founded the Sports Legacy Institute (now the Concussion Legacy Foundation), an organization dedicated to furthering awareness of and research on sports-related head injuries, and increasing the safety of contact and collision sports worldwide. Nowinski's work was documented on ESPN's Outside the Lines on September 5, 2007. On the same day, Benoit's brain examination report showed extensive damage due to concussions that could have led to dementia.

Concussion Legacy Foundation

Since Nowinski's departure from WWE and the publication of his book Head Games, he has garnered a significant amount of media attention, making numerous appearances on networks such as ESPN and CNN to discuss sports-related head injuries. The Concussion Legacy Foundation was founded on June 14, 2007 in Boston, Massachusetts by Nowinski and Dr. Robert Cantu in reaction to new medical research indicating brain trauma in sports had become a public health crisis. Dr. Cantu wrote the foreword in a 2012 update of Head Games to accompany the release of the documentary of the same name. Postmortem analysis of the brain tissue of former contact sports athletes was revealing that repetitive brain injuries, both concussions and subconcussive blows, could lead to the neurodegenerative disease chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). In addition, an absence of awareness and education on concussions, specifically proper diagnosis and management, was allowing the disease to proliferate. Finally, with brain trauma becoming the signature injury of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, this research/education model could also be applied to the military.

CLF, according to Nowinski, was founded to solve this concussion crisis in sports and the military through medical research, treatment, and education & prevention. The initial vision of the CLF was to formalize neuropathological research and develop and treatment, via partnership with a top-tier university medical school. To that end, the CLF began such a partnership with Boston University School of Medicine (BUSM) in September 2008, collaborating in formation of its Center for the Study of Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE Center).[25]

Subsequently, CLF has sought to develop ways to raise awareness of the issue and to directly educate coaches, athletes and parents. The CLF has been featured in articles in The New York Times,[26] on news programs such as 60 Minutes[27] and Frontline,[28] and CNN.[29]

In September 2015, the Sports Legacy Institute announced a rebrand and changed its name to the Concussion Legacy Foundation. The rebrand aimed to align the evolution of the organization’s programs with its name. The organization is still led by its co-founders, Nowinski and Dr. Robert Cantu.[30]

Nowinski served as co-director at the CTE Center of BUSM, where he worked closely with Ann McKee, M.D., and other center experts, until 2013. Initially, he worked as a liaison making contact with athletes and families of deceased athletes, to further case studies that examine brain tissues impacted by CTE. As of 2020 he serves as the Outreach, Recruitment, Education, and Public Policy Leader.

Hockey News listed Nowinski on its 2011 edition of the 100 Most Powerful people in ice hockey as one of the Top 40 under the age of 40. This recognition was attributed to his ability in getting hockey players to donate brain tissue after death.[31]

Championships and accomplishments

See also

References
  1. "Chris Nowinski". Online World of Wrestling.
  2. "Statistics for Professional wrestlers". PWI Presents: 2002 Wrestling Almanak and book of facts. Kappa Publications. pp. 62–74. 2000 Edition.
  3. "Cagematch profile". Cagematch.de. Retrieved October 25, 2014.
  4. "Campus and Alumni News - Head Games" (PDF) (Summer 2010). Boston University School of Medicine. Retrieved May 8, 2020.
  5. "MEET CHRIS | Chris Nowinski". Retrieved March 25, 2020.
  6. Hruby, Patrick (January 23, 2015). "The WWE Concussion Lawsuit Is Cheap Heat". Vice. Retrieved May 8, 2020.
  7. Torre, Pablo (November 19, 2010). "My Sportsman: Chris Nowinski". Sports Illustrated. Retrieved May 8, 2020.
  8. Constable, Al. "Squared Circle: Who Was Really Tough Enough?". Bleacher Report. Retrieved June 26, 2020.
  9. Hohler, Bob. "Ex-wrestlers say one of their own sells them short - The Boston Globe". BostonGlobe.com. Retrieved June 26, 2020.
  10. Philip Kreikenbohm. "FWA Lights Camera Action". Cagematch.net. Retrieved October 26, 2014.
  11. "ChrisHarvard.net: Previous Ask Chris Questions". Chrisharvard.net. Archived from the original on August 28, 2008. Retrieved October 26, 2014.
  12. "The SmarK RAW Rant – June 17 2002". 411Mania. Retrieved June 26, 2020.
  13. "The SmarK RAW Rant – June 24 2002". 411Mania. Retrieved June 26, 2020.
  14. "The SmarK RAW Rant – July 8 2002". 411Mania. Retrieved June 26, 2020.
  15. "Dead athletes' brains show damage from concussions". CNN. January 27, 2009.
  16. Nowinski, Christopher (October 1, 2006). Head Games : Football's Concussion Crisis from the NFL to Youth Leagues (1st ed.). Drummond Pub. Group. ISBN 978-1597630139. Retrieved May 8, 2020.
  17. "Head Games" (PDF). The Lancet. 11 (Neurology): 577. July 2012. Retrieved May 8, 2020.
  18. "Pathologist says Waters' brain tissue had deteriorated". Sports.espn.go.com. Retrieved October 26, 2014.
  19. Schwarz, Alan (January 18, 2007). "Expert Ties Ex-Player's Suicide to Brain Damage". The New York Times.
  20. "Lineman dead at 36". Nflretirees.blogspot.com.
  21. Schwarz, Alan (June 15, 2007). "Lineman, Dead at 36, Exposes Brain Injuries". The New York Times.
  22. Finder, Chuck (October 31, 2004). "What drove Justin Strzelczyk to his death?". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette.
  23. MacMullan, Jackie (February 2, 2007). "I don't want anyone to end up like me". The Boston Globe.
  24. Brenda Goodman (June 26, 2007). "Wrestler Killed Wife and Son, Then Himself". The New York Times. Retrieved June 26, 2007.
  25. "Campus and Alumni News" (PDF) (Summer 2010). Boston University School of Medicine. Retrieved May 8, 2020.
  26. "U.S. Women's Soccer Stars Take Lead on Risks of Heading". NYTimes. June 24, 2014. Retrieved December 2, 2014.
  27. "A Blow to the Brain". CBS News. October 11, 2009. Retrieved October 22, 2009.
  28. "The Frontline Interviews - League of Denial: Football's Concussion Crisis". Public Broadcasting Service. Retrieved May 8, 2020.
  29. Andrew, Scottie (October 11, 2019). "New PSA warns parents to avoid youth tackle football by comparing it to smoking". CNN. CNN.
  30. "Sports Legacy Institute Announces Rebrand to Concussion Legacy Foundation". Bartlett. Retrieved December 8, 2015.
  31. Hockey News, vol. 64, no. January 14, 17, 2011, p. 25
  32. "WWE Hardcore Championship history". Wwe.com. Retrieved October 26, 2014.
  33. "Leading Concussion Education Advocate Dr. Chris Nowinski Earns United States Sports Academy's 2019 Ernst Jokl Sports Medicine Award". The United States Sports Academy. October 15, 2019. Retrieved May 8, 2020.
  34. "AB Salutes Industry Difference-Makers". The Athletic Business Journal. December 2018. Retrieved May 8, 2020.
  35. "40 Under 40: Chris Nowinski". The Boston Business Journal. October 19, 2017. Retrieved May 8, 2020.
  36. Facebook https://www.facebook.com/nowinski.christopher/photos/a.1098521693551072/1098521706884404/?type=3&theater. Retrieved May 8, 2020. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  37. "President's Medallion Recipients - Western New England". www1.wne.edu. Retrieved May 11, 2020.
  38. "HL20: CHRIS NOWINSKI—COLLECTING BRAINS, COMBATING CONCUSSIONS". HealthLeaders. December 13, 2011. Retrieved May 11, 2020.
  39. Torre, Pablo (November 19, 2010). "Former WWE wrestler Chris Nowinski becomes leading figure in head trauma research". Sports Illustrated. Sports Illustrated. Retrieved May 11, 2020.
  40. Lazzara, Gina (October 27, 2010). "Brain Injury Association of Illinois Awards Dinner Sponsored by Nolan Law Group". Nolan Law Group. Retrieved May 11, 2020.
  41. "Compassionate Action Award for Compassionate Athletes". PETA. PETA. October 20, 2008. Retrieved May 11, 2020.

Further reading
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