Chinese rock

The Peking All-Stars were a rock band formed in Beijing in 1979, by foreigners then resident in the Chinese capital. While the first rock band in China, they were not Chinese.[1]

Chinese rock had its origins in Northwest Wind style of music, which emerged as a main genre in Mainland China.[2] The new style was triggered by two new songs, "Xintianyou" (《信天游》) and "Nothing To My Name" (《一无所有》), both of which drew heavily on the folk song traditions of northern Shaanxi. They combined this with a western-style fast tempo, strong beat and extremely aggressive bass lines. In contrast to the mellow cantopop style, Northwest Wind songs were sung loudly and forcefully. It represented the musical branch of the large-scale Root-Seeking (寻根, xungen) cultural movement that also manifested itself in literature and in film. Cui Jian's Northwest Wind album Rock 'N' Roll on the New Long March, which included "Nothing To My Name", has been called "China's first rock album".[3]

Many Northwest Wind songs were highly idealistic and heavily political, parodying or alluding to the revolutionary songs of the Communist state, such as "Nanniwan" and "The Internationale". It is, however, associated with the non-Communist national music side instead of the revolutionary side. The music reflected dissatisfaction among Chinese youth, as well as the influence of western ideas such as individuality and self-empowerment. Both music and lyrics articulated a sense of pride in the power of the northwest's peasantry. Songs such as "Sister Go Boldly Forward" (《妹妹你大胆的往前走》) came to represent an earthy, primordial masculine image of Mainland China, as opposed to the soft, sweet, polished urban gangtai style.

The birthplace of Chinese rock was in Beijing.[4] As the nation's capital, the music was highly politicised and open to a range of foreign influences. It was marginal for most of the 1980s, consisting of live performances in small bars and hotels. The music was almost exclusively for the domain of university students and "underground" bohemian circles. In late 1989 and early 1990 Chinese rock partially emerged into mainstream music as a combination of the Northwest Wind and prison song fads.

The first Chinese rock song was arguably the Northwest Wind anthem "Nothing To My Name", first performed in 1984 by Cui Jian, widely recognised as the father of Chinese rock. The song introduced into post-revolutionary China a whole new ethos that combined individualism, direct and bold expression. It soon came to symbolise the frustration harboured by a disillusioned generation of young intellectuals who grew cynical about Communism and critical of China's traditional and contemporary culture. It also expressed, even for older Chinese, a dissatisfaction with unrealized promises of the Chinese regime.

In the spring of 1989, "Nothing To My Name" became the de facto anthem of the student protestors at Tiananmen Square. Additionally, in May and July of that year, three of China's famous rock bands were established: Breathing (Huxi, 呼吸), Cobra (眼镜蛇), and Zang Tianshuo's (臧天朔) 1989. Earlier rock music groups include "Infallible" (Budaoweng 不倒翁), formed by Zang Tianshuo and Tang Dynasty (band) (Tang Chao, 唐朝) lead vocalist and rhythm guitarist Ding Wu (丁武), and probably the most famous of all Chinese rock bands: "Black Panther" (Hei Bao 黑豹), originally fronted by China's alternative music pioneer Dou Wei (窦唯).

"Prison Songs" (《囚歌》) became popular in 1988 and early 1989, parallel to the Northwest Wind style. The fad was initiated by Chi Zhiqiang (迟志强), who wrote lyrics about his time in jail and set them to folk melodies from northeast China. In contrast to Northwest Wind songs, prison songs were slow, "weepy" and invoked negative role models, often using vulgar language and expressing despair and cynicism. Their non-conformist values are apparent in such songs as "Mother Is Very Muddle-Headed" and "There Is Not a Drop of Oil in the Dish". The popularity of these songs reflected the fact that many Chinese during the 1980s became tired of official artistic representations and discourse. The patrons of prison songs were the urban youth, and private entrepreneurs, who at that time were mostly from marginal backgrounds.

Tang Dynasty performing in 2004.

After the Tiananmen Square protests, rock became part of general urban youth Chinese culture. Its rise from the margins was celebrated on 17 and 18 February 1990, when Beijing's largest ever all-rock concert was held in the Capital Gymnasium, one of the city's largest halls. The concert featured six rock bands, among them are Cui Jian's ADO and Tang Dynasty. The criterion that the organizers set as qualification to participate was "originality".

Chinese rock reached a peak of creativity and popularity between 1990 and 1993. In 1991, the glam metal band Black Panther released their self-titled debut album. With glossy production and hard rock melodies backing the sincere voice of lead singer Dou Wei, it featured hit singles such as "Don't Break My Heart and "Ashamed". A year later, the album went on to sell more than 1,000,000 copies nationwide, a standard never before achieved in Chinese rock history. Another band, Tang Dynasty, whose style was comparable to British heavy metal, successfully broke another barrier. Their singles "9/4 (a reference to the song's time signature)", "The Sun", and "Choice" climbed the charts. Once again, it was not until 1992, that their debut A Dream Return to Tang Dynasty sold over 2,000,000 copies throughout Asia, including Japan, Korea, and the Southeast. From there, other previously formed rock bands, such as the first all female band, Cobra, and hard rockers The Face (each established in 1989), achieved greater success than ever. In addition, dozens of newer bands formed during the peak of their success, and rock music was performed on a regular basis. Big name artists and bands were featured in media such as CCTV and MTV, while other lesser known acts made a presence in small-scale, underground rock parties such as band leader Fa Zi who was perhaps the most well-known musician at art colony Yuan Ming Yuan near Bei Da in Beijing before it was closed down. The core participants in rock subculture adopted characteristic nonconformist appearance and behaviour. These included glam rock styles: pretty face, long hair, jeans, silver metal ornaments, black leather coats, as well as emerging grunge styles: Flannel shirts, and do it yourself ethics, coupled with a carefree, hippie-style behaviour. The decline of Northwest Wind and simultaneous rise of rock music represented a shift in the attitude of many of China's intellectuals. Nostalgia changed into an unequivocally fierce negation, a sense of alienation from China's traditional and rural culture.

By 1994, mainstream popularity of Chinese rock slowly began to decline. This can only be attributed to strict censorship by the Communist party, such as the banning of rock from television and restrictions on performances.[4] More importantly, the decline of rock reflected the general lack of interest in politicised cultural products, thoughts, or behaviour. People became more interested in engaging with the market economy, making money and improving their living standard. Cross-border cultural exchange facilitated by increased economic openness, and the radical commercialisation of the music industry in the mid-1990s both lead to the import of overseas music, particularly from Taiwan and Hong Kong. Cantopop singers such as Andy Lau were backed up by well-resourced record companies and could raise revenues from film-making and advertising, two sources usually rejected by Chinese rock musicians. Moreover, the level of censorship imposed on c-pop was less damaging, since gangtai culture is more independent from mainland culture. With the tragedy of Nirvana frontman Kurt Cobain's death, a whole new scene had emerged in the underground.

During 1994, former Black Panther frontman Dou Wei released "Dark Dreams" with his new band "The Dreaming". This album marked a complete departure from his "glam metal" days. Instead, this album put more emphasis on thicker and more jangly guitars. Dou started singing in a thin, almost apathetic drone-like voice. He also began experimenting with gothic and electronic sounds, and earned a whole new kind of respect, as well as credibility in the alternative nation. Another unlikely figure in the scene was the father of Chinese rock himself, Cui Jian. A rare compilation album, titled "Rock Pioneers" was also released. The album showcased raw, rather unorthodox playing styles, as well as a rejection (even sometimes a mockery) of mainstream rock music. With the exception of Dream, the only band on the compilation to achieve mainstream success was Thin Man (band), who went on to revitalize rock back into the masses. Self-styled punk He Yong fiercely resisted mainstream culture and their cantopop imitators on the mainland. His only album, "Garbage Dump", was embraced by troubled Chinese youth, and earned him an enormous cult following. In 1995, a handful of younger punk bands (Brain Failure, Reflector, A Jerks, and 69) produced an album called "Wuliao Contingent," (无聊军队, better translated as "Battalion of Boredom") representing the boredom and frustration collectively felt within the urban landscape. At the forefront was Brain Failure, the most successful of these bands, who continue to tour the world with their ska/punk sound. English is used to both express what Chinese lyrics cannot, and also to crossover to the western music market. One of the significant turning points for rock was Cui Jian's performance with The Rolling Stones in 2003 at the age of 42. It opened the genre to the rest of the world for the first time.

From 2000 to 2004 post punk and extreme metal entered the underground scene and ascended among the fans. In 2004–2005, Beijing's Joyside went on their first tour of China. American filmmaker Kevin Fritz followed them to make the film Wasted Orient. It was released on DVD in 2007 by Plexifilm.[5] The film is China's version of Decline Of Western Civilization. It depicts comically the pitfalls associated with trying to tour a country that has little taste for Rock n' Roll music. In this film the original line-up of Joyside including Bian Yuan, Liu Hao, Fan Bo, Yang Yang, & Xin Shuang shows these colorful characters drowning away in alcohol is both hilarious and depressing at the same time. The film also includes some of Joyside's early music, which brought them some recognition. The film Wasted Orient is non-political, and strays away from making any superficial social commentary. While Joyside is not particularly known for the talent, the film present Chinese rock music in the new 2000 millennium in the most authentic, raw, and genuine form.

Director Kevin Fritz:

The film Wasted Orient is what it is pure and simple. It's honest. It is the true way of Chinese rock n' roll. It's not glamorous. It's filthy. It's filled with despair. It's very unwanted in that society and is shown in its citizens' apathetic response to it

Presently, Chinese Rock has a new forum in the popular Television program, Pepsi Battle of the Bands (百事群音) a weekly Live program featuring top 10 Rock bands from all over China who compete for weekly survival. Each Episode features guest Celebrities such as, Cui Jian, Paul Wong, Richie Jen, Wang Feng, Van Fan, Jolin Tsai, Mayday, and Show Lo to name a few. The show is sponsored by Pepsi, and produced by Ato Ato Integrated Media.

Another important step in the development of Chinese rock music had been the Beijing Midi School of Music in Beijing. Established 1993 by Zhang Fan, it was the first school nationally to offer classes for jazz music and rock music. Started as a school festival in 1999, the Midi Modern Music Festival advanced to the largest rock music festival nationally with up to 80000 visitors and over 100 bands. Both the school and the festival supported the underground scene across the country and opened the door for over 18 foreign bands in 2006 to perform at the festival and elsewhere in the country. (i.e. Alev, Monokino, Yokohama Music Association, The Wombats, etc.). 1

In addition to the Midi school, the Painkiller heavy music magazine started efforts to bring bands such as Edguy, Lacrimosa and Hatesphere to China and organized tours of the country for them. Especially in the metal and gothic genre these tours are considered milestones in China.

A major drawback for the music scene in general was the cancellation of several events leading up to the 2008 Olympic Games, as well as the 2008 Sichuan earthquake. The 2008 Midi Modern Music Festival was cancelled (cancellation note) and delayed to October 2008, the Soilwork gig (preannouncement) had to be cancelled, as the band did not receive their visas and the German Esplanade in Chongqing was stopped by the organizers (change note).

The Sichuan earthquake in general shook the music scene and spawned dozens of "We are together" and "Think of Sichuan" gigs and charity events throughout Beijing and other cities. London Chinese Radio made a Special Earthquake Edition on their New Sounds of China podcast to cover this.

Historically more open to the outside, Shanghai is home to musicians from around the world. The unofficial home of the local jazz scene is JZ club while DJs and Electronic Producers frequently play The Shelter. Underground rock bands converge at Yuyintang. The 2010 World Expo and auxiliary events brought legal limitations to live performances and dried up venues temporarily, even censoring Shanghainese indie rock heroes Top Floor Circus.[6] But since late 2010, Shanghai has seen a surge in concert goers, bands and live music venues with websites, blogs and independent record labels in English and Chinese dedicated to promoting concerts and artists.[7] With Shanghai being the home of the most creative young talents, high school students also became well-involved in the city's rock scene. From 2010 to 2014, BRR Shanghai High School Music Festival held by The BRR Shanghai High School Music League (a coalition of the best high school musicians in Shanghai founded by Xu Qifei) grew increasingly influential and started the trend of high school music festivals in Shanghai.[8][9][10][11]

Why Chinese rock is" not exist":

How can we divide Chinese rock depends on different times:

• 1997–2000. This era is the decline of the Three Rocks of Magic Rock, the rise of Shucun Village and the glorious era of Happy Paradise. Shucun is an urban-rural junction near Shangdi in Beijing. Because the rent is cheap and close to the venue, it quickly gathered a large number of poor and hard-pressed bands. In almost all ages, all the bands you have heard of are in Shucun, and Shucun became a rock-and-roll place at that time. You said that you didn't live in the tree village, just told you that you can't play the guitar. It was because the rock band gathered in the tree village that led to the Wudaokou performance venues; or because the glory of the happy paradise caused the band to enter the tree village, it was impossible to test, but no matter how Haidian-Wudaokou-Shucun was the indelible impression of that era. It is also the spiritual symbol of that generation of rockers. The "post-revolutionary era" recorded the sadness and happiness of that period in time, and you will have a little sadness after seeing it.
• 2000–2003. Since 2000, a great name will be on the stage of Chinese rock music history and began to dominate Chinese rock for nearly 10 years. Nowadays, many people only know the Midi Music Festival, but they do not know a small building near the Ruiwang Tomb at the foot of Xiangshan Mountain - Midi Music School. Midi Music School was founded earlier than 2000, but the reason why it was only mentioned in 2000 was that the president of Zhang Fan made a great decision. Perhaps he did not realize the significance of this decision. However, it is undeniable that he will rely on this decision to become the Chinese rock godfather with Cui Jian. That is, he decided to run a graduation report in the school, and after 10 years of development, this report has finally become the first brand of the Chinese rock festival: Midi Music Festival. Yes, you may not imagine that today's fascinating Midi Music Festival was a small report show with only a few bands and hundreds of spectators. This performance is only three years, all free of charge, 10 boxes of lunch. After 2003, as you know, Midi Music Festival began to walk out of the campus, facing the society, went to Xidan, Sculpture Park, Haidian Park, etc., began to collect tickets, the number of bands and audiences rose, and the box lunch could not be bought, 10 You can only buy a bunch of lamb skewers. This pure, non-leisure music festival.
• 2004–2009. In the past few years, various performance venues have begun to take off, such as luck, happiness, starlight, mao, Yugong Yishan, etc., to Fuhaosi through Changan, the city is singing rock; the style of the band is also The more diverse it is. In the past, Cui Jian, He Yong, this group of people really can't tell what style it is. We can only call socialist rock with Chinese characteristics. At this time, the band began to have obvious style tendency: punk represented by the boring army. The new gold represented by Twisting Machine Yaksha is represented by Pangu. The street is represented by cmcb. The folk song represented by Wan Xiaoli, the rapids represented by suffocation, the death represented by frost, represented by Xie Tianxiao. The grunge, with the dragon Shinto as the reggae, in short, the style you want to listen to can find a representative band in the country, as well as the Western rock style like Suyang, second-hand, Nancheng second brother, China original (we are called folklore) style. This stage is summed up in eight words: a hundred flowers bloom, and hundreds of schools contend.
• 2009 to present. In 2009, there was a strong fruit debut, which disrupted the rock performance and directly challenged the dominance of Midi, the Strawberry Music Festival. The Strawberry Music Festival is part of the Modern Sky. In fact, the two music festivals, Modern and Midi, have always been in the water: the whistle is held every year on May 1, and the modern year is held in the eleventh year. However, in 2009, Modern suddenly made a force to hold the Strawberry Music Festival during the 51st, and sang against the whistle of the whistle, and it was not the usual way for Metersbonwe to come. Before the Strawberry Music Festival, all the music festivals are on the rock, the band must rock, pure rock, and die. Starting from the strawberry, I started a new style of music festival and started to take the leisure route. Since 2009, many fans who have never been to the music festival gathered under the banner of cute and colorful, shouting that the revolutionary slogan has always been The music festival held by underground dark forces. From this moment on, the festival reduced the atmosphere of sadness. We began to enjoy the sun lawn and food, no longer thinking about putting blood and stool on the flag, but where there was oppression and kneeling there.

Nowadays:

There is a disconnect between Chinese pop music and society. This disconnection has caused the general public to listen to music and listen to songs mainly to listen to a fun. Not to mention the general public, and even the earphone enthusiasts who are pursuing the sound quality are positioned to listen to music as a pure entertainment. Then Chinese music and social movements are out of touch. The relationship between Chinese pop music history and Chinese modern history is not as close as that of Europe and the United States. To know the history of Western pop music, it is possible to directly reflect the social life of people in different periods and the social movements of the corresponding period (bruces, jazz, hippies, folk songs, which is not closely connected with the social environment?)

Chinese pop songs, contain too much emphasis on lyrics and too much emphasis on the singer itself. It is means everything is expressed by the lyrics. In this kind of environment, it is a strange thing to want to create a music that really touches people's hearts. Say something ugly: You like the lyrics so much, you can't read poems~ China keeps up with the music of the historical process. I personally think that one is the jazz of old Shanghai. One is Cui Jian who actively promotes Western music at the beginning of reform and opening up. (I personally feel that it is not appropriate to simply define him as rock.)

The current Chinese style is prevalent, but it can be regarded as the result of the rise of nationalism. Although nationalism itself is not a good thing, this style is a good or unintentional follow-up of the social process, just the quality of singing and singing, or too low. Fortunately, now the audience has begun to pay attention to the arrangement, and more and more powerful musicians have joined the writing of ancient songs. I think there is still a possibility that this style will make a difference in the "World Music" category, and it is also a good opportunity for Chinese music. As for the overall catching up with the level of the West, China has gone too far. It has been off the line for too many years. This thing requires all Chinese people to work hard together to catch up. It is not a few musicians who can get it... After all, The great Chinese have also said that personal efforts are of course important, but they must also take into account the historical process.

• 2003 - Beijing Band 2001: New Rock Bands from the People's Republic of China. Kemaxiu Music.

• 华流另类AllChinaAlternative https://web.archive.org/web/20090222033724/http://www.live365.com/stations/bluemonty2
• 伦敦华语 London Chinese Radio http://www.londonhuayu.co.uk/

• Interview with Dennis Rea about early Chinese rock, from KUOW, November 9, 2006
• "A History of Chinese Rock: Post-Punk, Post-Politics and Post-Putonghua" An analysis of the stylistic development of rock in China Paul Kendall April 2009