Charaxes protoclea

Flame-bordered emperor
	Charaxes protoclea protoclea male
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Lepidoptera
Family:	Nymphalidae
Genus:	Charaxes
Species:	C. protoclea
Binomial name
	Charaxes protoclea; Feisthamel, 1850
Synonyms
	Charaxes aeson Herrich-Schaeffer, 1858; Philognoma azota Hewitson, 1877; Charaxes calliclea Grose-Smith, 1889; Charaxes nyasana Butler, 1895; Charaxes protoclea var. aequidistans Gaede, 1916; Charaxes protoclea catenaria f. parcepicta Rousseau-Decelle, 1934; Charaxes protoclea catenaria f. bifida Rousseau-Decelle, 1934; Charaxes protoclea catenaria f. kafakumbana Rousseau-Decelle, 1934; Charaxes protoclea catenaria f. mutschatschana Rousseau-Decelle, 1934; Charaxes protoclea ab. maculata Strand, 1910; Charaxes protoclea ab. ablutus Schultze, 1914; Charaxes protoclea ab. nigropunctata Neustetter, 1916; Charaxes protoclea var. marginepunctata Holland, 1920; Charaxes protoclea f. sinuosa Rousseau-Decelle, 1934; Charaxes protoclea protoclea f. jeromei Birket-Smith, 1960;

Charaxes protoclea, the flame-bordered emperor or flame-bordered charaxes, is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. It is found Subsaharan Africa.[1]

The wingspan is 65–70 mm in males and 75–95 mm in females. Has two broods from October to November and from February to June.[2]

Larvae feed on Afzelia quanzensis, Brachystegia spiciformis, and Julbernardia globiflora.[1][2]

Taxonomy

Charaxes cynthia group

The group members are

Charaxes cynthia similar to Charaxes lucretius
Charaxes protoclea
Charaxes boueti close to next
Charaxes lasti close to last
Charaxes alticola

Charaxes protoclea and Charaxes subornatus

Subspecies

Listed alphabetically.[1]

C. p. azota (Hewitson, 1877) (Kenya, Tanzania, north-eastern Zambia, Malawi, eastern Zimbabwe, southern Mozambique, South Africa: KwaZulu-Natal)
C. p. catenaria Rousseau-Decelle, 1934 (Democratic Republic of the Congo, western Tanzania, Zambia)
C. p. cedrici Canu, 1989 (Bioko)
C. p. nothodes Jordan, 1911 (Democratic Republic of the Congo, western Uganda, north-western Tanzania)
C. p. protoclea Feisthamel, 1850 (Senegal, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, western Nigeria)
C. p. protonothodes van Someren, 1971 (Nigeria, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Gabon, Congo, north-western Angola, north-western Democratic Republic of the Congo)

Subspecies gallery

C. p. protoclea male
C. p. azota male from Kenya
C. p. protonothodes male from CAR

References

"Charaxes Ochsenheimer, 1816" at Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms
Woodhall, Steve (2005). Field Guide to Butterflies of South Africa. Cape Town, South Africa: Struik. ISBN 978-1-86872-724-7.

Victor Gurney Logan Van Someren, 1971 Revisional notes on African Charaxes (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Part VII. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Entomology)181-226.

External links

Images of C. protoclea azota Royal Museum for Central Africa (Albertine Rift Project)
Images of C. protoclea catenaria (Albertine Rift Project)
Images of C. protoclea nothodes (Albertine Rift Project)
Images of C. protoclea protoclea (Albertine Rift Project)
Charaxes protoclea images at Consortium for the Barcode of Life
Charaxes protoclea protoclea images at BOLD
Charaxes protoclea azota images at BOLD
Charaxes protoclea catenaria images at BOLD
Charaxes protoclea cedreici images at BOLD
Charaxes protoclea nothodes images at BOLD
Charaxes protoclea protonothodes images at BOLD
Seitz, A. Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde 13: Die Afrikanischen Tagfalter. Plate XIII 31 d ssp. azota

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[funet-1] "Charaxes Ochsenheimer, 1816" at Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms

[Woodhall-2] Woodhall, Steve (2005). Field Guide to Butterflies of South Africa. Cape Town, South Africa: Struik. ISBN 978-1-86872-724-7.