COW 37 mm gun

The COW 37 mm gun was a British automatic cannon that was developed as a large-calibre aircraft weapon. It was trialled in several installations and specified for the Westland C.O.W. Gun Fighter for attacking bombers. However they did not yield satisfactory results and the weapon did not enter general service except on a few flying boats.

Ordnance QF 1½ pdr Mk III
TypeAutocannon
Place of originUnited Kingdom
Service history
In service1918 - 1940s
Used byUnited Kingdom
Production history
DesignerCoventry Ordnance Works
ManufacturerCoventry Ordnance Works
VariantsMk III, Mk IV
Specifications
Mass200 pounds (91 kg) for cradle, gun & breech[1]
Length91.8 inches (2.33 m) total
Barrel lengthbore of 75 inches (1.9 m)[1]
Shell37x190R HE 1 lb 7 oz (0.65 kg)
or armour-piercing
Calibre37 mm (1.457 in)
Barrels1
Actionautomatic, long recoil [2]
Rate of fire90 rpm
Muzzle velocity1,950 ft/s[1]
Effective firing range4,500 yd (4.1 km)[3]
Feed system5 round clip

Design and development

Coventry Ordnance Works had been set up in 1905 by a consortium of British shipbuilding firms (John Brown, Cammell Laird and Fairfield) in order to compete with the duopoly of Vickers and Armstrong-Whitworth in producing naval guns. Besides the larger naval gun, COW worked at the smaller end on anti-aircraft guns. There was a demand for a gun that could be mounted on an aircraft. Their first attempt at an automatic gun was a "1-pounder" (the nominal weight of the shell) from a rimless 37x94 cartridge. This developed into a 1½-pounder using a longer 37x190 cartridge in a five-round clip. The gun was ready to produce only as the First World War came to an end and was only in service briefly fitted to a pair of Airco DH4s.[4] It was tried postwar in a number of different aircraft, mostly flying boats such as the Blackburn Perth, where it was seen as being effective against small vessels but also in fighters. The Air Ministry specifically requested designs that could use the weapon, such as the Westland C.O.W. Gun Fighter, the Vickers Type 161 and the unsuccessful Bristol Bagshot heavy fighter.

After Vickers acquired the Coventry Ordnance Works, the COW 37 mm was used for the development of the 40 mm Vickers S gun which was used by Hawker Hurricanes as an anti-tank weapon.

In the Second World War, COW guns were used as the armament for the Mk III version of the Armadillo armoured fighting vehicle, the COW gun with its shield mounted on the rear part of the flatbed.[5] The vehicle was used by the RAF Regiment and later by the Home Guard.

Use
Specification 4/24
Specification F9/27
Flying boats

See also
  • QF 1 pounder pom-pom

Notes
  1. Hogg & Thurston 1972, Page 27
  2. Chinn, Vol.1
  3. Flight p640
  4. http://www.quarryhs.co.uk/37-40mm.htm 37 mm and 40 mm guns in British Service
  5. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 22 October 2008. Retrieved 30 September 2008.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

References
  • I.V. Hogg & L.F. Thurston, British Artillery Weapons & Ammunition 1914-1918. London: Ian Allan, 1972
  • "Armament" Flight 28 June 1934 p640
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