Bust of Ferdinand Marcos
A 30 m (98 ft) concrete bust of Ferdinand Marcos, President of the Philippines, was built in Pugo, La Union using government funds. The monument was controversial as the land used was grabbed from the indigenous Ibaloi people, who were against the Marcos conjugal dictatorship. The monument was built upon the orders of then incumbent President Ferdinand Marcos in a park that he named after himself. The monument was destroyed in December 2002 by treasure hunters.[1] The destroyed bust is considered "a monument to evil, warning people never to become what this man was".[2]
| Bust of Ferdinand Marcos | |
|---|---|
 The bust in 1989 before its destruction | |
| |
| General information | |
| Status | Destroyed |
| Address | Aspiras–Palispis Highway |
| Town or city | Pugo, La Union |
| Country | Philippines |
| Construction started | 1978 |
| Completed | 1980 |
| Destroyed | 2002 |
| Height | 30 m (98 ft) |
| Technical details | |
| Material | concrete |
Bust
The bust bore the likeness of Ferdinand Marcos, President of the Philippines from 1965 to 1986. The inside of the bust was hollow.[3] The bust measured 30 m (98 ft) high and was made of concrete.[4][5]
History
Around 1978, the bust's construction began along Marcos Highway, which was later officially renamed Aspiras–Palispis Highway. The bust was constructed by the Philippine Tourism Authority, under the orders of then President Ferdinand Marcos himself, and was meant to be the centerpiece of Marcos Park, which Marcos named after himself. The bust was positioned near the peak of Mt. Shontoug so it could be seen by Baguio-bound motorists as far as 3 km (1.9 mi) away from the monument. Father and son, Anselmo Dayag Sr. and Anselmo Jr. were chosen to design the bust but the former died due to disease. Scaffolding covered with plywood was reportedly erected to deliberately hide the bust's construction from the public. A typhoon later blew the scaffolding away, exposing the bust. The Ibaloi were said to have been displaced due to the bust's construction. It was reported that they were forced to sell their lands for outrageously low prices. The bust was completed around 1980.[4][5][6][7]
After the People Power Revolution of 1986, the Ibaloi peoples slaughtered a pig and carabao and poured the animals' blood into the bust to "exorcise" it and later filed a case to reclaim their land. The area was once an Ibaloi ancestral land, but Marcos land-grabbed it to establish his own bust in a park named after himself.[4]
The bust was bombed in 1989 by leftist rebels and sustained cracks and other minor damage.[4][7]
The bust was subjected to controversy and was viewed as self-glorification, especially by critics of the Marcos administration. The Ibalois viewed it as a symbol of their mistrust for government authorities since the construction of the bust displaced them from their lands. Communist insurgents also criticized the bust's construction, and many groups planned to destroy the bust.[4]
Destruction
The bust was destroyed using dynamite before dawn on December 29, 2002 by suspected treasure hunters who thought that the bust contained parts of the rumored Yamashita treasure. Benguet Governor Raul Mencio Molintas said that the police learned that a white Toyota FX van was around the area prior to the incident. It was initially thought that the New People's Army was behind the bombing of the monument.[4][5] The rebel group's Chadli Molintas Command claimed responsibility for the incident in a press release a day later. The communists said that the bust's mere existence "is a mockery of justice and a betrayal of the will of the people. ... Let the ruins be an ugly reminder that the Marcoses have yet to pay for their crimes."[7][2]
Some critics of Marcos criticized the destruction of the monument. Archbishop Oscar Cruz of Lingayen-Dagupan said that the perpetrators "should have never destroyed the monument to evil in this country", describing the bust as "a monument to evil, warning people never to become what this man was".[2]
Rehabilitation
In 2003, Baguio city mayor Ramon Labo Jr. made an offer to the Marcos family to restore the bust, sparking nationwide anger and remembrance of the horrors caused by the Marcos conjugal dictatorship. After public protests, Imelda Marcos, the wife of Ferdinand Marcos, stated that to fix the monument should be a "collective decision of the Marcoses and their supporters". Bongbong Marcos, the son of the former president, said that restoring the bust was not yet a subject of discussion among the family.[5]
References
- Dumlao, Artemio (2002-12-30). "Marcos bust blasted". The Philippine Star. Retrieved 2019-02-05.
- "Archbishop decries Marcos bust bombing, Communists take credit". UCA News. 31 December 2002. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
- "Philippines blast wrecks Marcos bust". BBC News. 29 December 2002. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
- Dumlao, Artemio (30 December 2002). "Marcos bust blasted". Pugo, La Union: Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
- Arzadon, Cristina (18 January 2003). "Marcos family not keen on busted bust's repair". Laoag: Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
- Cabreza, Vincent (20 September 2011). "Rebuilding a monument for 'Marcos the Man,' not the late dictator". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
- Cimatu, Frank; Santos-Doctor, Joya (1 January 2003). "Philippines' 'Ozymandias' still haunts". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved 27 February 2015.