Busiris (Lower Egypt)

Busiris (Arabic: أبو صير بنا‎; Greek: Βούσιρις; Coptic: ⲃⲟⲩⲥⲓⲣⲓ busiri,[1] Herod. i. 59, 61,165; Strabo xvii. p. 802; Plut. Is. et Osir. 30; Ptol. iv. 5. § 51; Plin. v. 9. s. 11: Hierocl. p. 725; Steph. B. s. v.) was an ancient city in Lower Egypt, located at the present-day Abu Sir Bana.

See Busiris (disambiguation) for namesakes
Busiris in hieroglyphs

Djedu
Ddw
Busiris is shown in the central delta, among the ancient settlements of Lower Egypt

Ancient history

In antiquity, Busiris was the chief town of the Ati nome in Egypt. It stood east of Sais, near the Phatnitic mouth on the western bank of the Damietta Branch of the Nile. The city's pharaonic name was Djedu.[2]

The town and nome of Busiris were allotted to the Hermotybian division of the Egyptian militia. It was regarded as one of the birthplaces of the god of the underworld Osiris, as perhaps, etymologically, the name itself implies. The festival of Isis at Busiris came next in splendor and importance to that of Artemis at Bubastis in the Egyptian calendar. Considerable ruins are still extant.

The temple of Isis, indeed, with the hamlet which sprang up around it, stood probably at a short distance without the walls of Busiris itself, for Pliny (v. 10. s. 11) mentions Isidis oppidum in the neighbourhood of the town. The ruins of the temple are still visible, a little to the north of Abusir, at the hamlet of Bahheyt. (Pococke, Travels, vol. i. p. 34; Minutoli, p. 304.)

It was in the Roman province of Aegyptus secundus.

Ecclesiastical history

Later, Busiris became a Christian bishopric. Extant documents provide the name of two of its early bishops: Hermaeon and Athanasius, the latter of whom took part in the Second Council of Ephesus in 449. In later centuries, from the 8th onward, the name of several of its non-Chalcedonian bishops are also known.[3][4][5]

Titular see

No longer a residential bishopric, Busiris is today listed by the Catholic Church as a titular see[6] of the lowest (episcopal) rank.

The nominally revived diocese had the following near-consecutive incumbents :

  • Alexander Chulaparambil (1914.07.16 – 1923.12.21)
  • Celestino Annibale Cattaneo, Capuchin friars (O.F.M. Cap.) (later Archbishop) (1925.03.30 – 1936.03.03)
  • Ignazio Arnoz, Mill Hill Missionaries (M.H.M.) (1937.04.13 – 1950.02.26)
  • Johannes Albert von Rudloff (1950.04.08 – 1978.06.26)
  • Theodor Kettmann, Auxiliary Bishop emeritus of Osnabrück (1978.11.27 – ... )

References
  1. https://st-takla.org/books/pauline-todary/coptic-language/egyptian.html
  2. Farouk Gomaà, "Busiris (Abu Sir Bana)," in Encyclopedia of the Archaeology of Ancient Egypt, London 1999, p.207
  3. Pius Bonifacius Gams, Series episcoporum Ecclesiae Catholicae, Leipzig 1931, p. 461
  4. Michel Lequien, Oriens christianus in quatuor Patriarchatus digestus, Paris 1740, Vol. II, coll. 569-570
  5. Klaas A. Worp, A Checklist of Bishops in Byzantine Egypt (A.D. 325 - c. 750), in Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 100 (1994) 283-318
  6. Annuario Pontificio 2013 (Libreria Editrice Vaticana 2013 ISBN 978-88-209-9070-1), p. 854

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