Brown spotted reef cod

E. chlorostigma can reach a length of 12–75 cm (4.7–29.5 in) and a weight up to 7 kg (15 lb). It is one of the largest coral-dwelling fish. It has large pectoral and caudal fins that enable it to move and maneuver quickly through the water. It has a pale green gray body covered with small circular brown blotches, except for its belly which is lighter in color. When aroused, the fish is able to change its body shading according to its surroundings. Five dark brown vertical bands appear along the body. Its mouth is very large, and capable of being opened to the width of the body diameter.

It feeds on crabs, cuttle fish and almost any other small fish. It is shy and lazy in its habits. When feeding, E. chlorostigma hides in its cave opening or in between corals and waits for some unsuspecting prey to pass by close enough to be pounced upon and swallowed whole. Predators are usually warned off by an impressive display of mouth gaping.

Cooked hamour in all its forms (stew, grilled, or fried) is a highly prized dish in southern parts of the Persian Gulf, and "baby hamour" is a delicacy found numerous upscale restaurants.

This species is a reef-dwelling fish, and prefers coral caves or rock crevices in which to live, at a depth of 4 to 280 m (13 to 919 ft). This species can be found in the Persian Gulf, in the Indian Ocean and in western Pacific Ocean.

Neidhartia lochepintade Bray & Justine, 2013,[3] an intestinal parasite of Epinephelus chlorostigma

As other fish, the brown spotted reef cod has many parasites, including nematodes in its intestine, such as Cucullanus epinepheli,[4] and several species of monogeneans on its gills,[5][6][7] including Pseudorhabdosynochus cyanopodus, Pseudorhabdosynochus epinepheli, Pseudorhabdosynochus podocyanus, Pseudorhabdosynochus stigmosus, Pseudorhabdosynochus exoticoides[7] and the digenean Neidhartia lochepintade in its intestine.[3] This parasite species was named for the New Caledonian name of the fish, "loche pintade".

• Cuvier, G.; Valenciennes, A. (1828). Histoire naturelle des poissons. Tome second. Livre Troisième. Des poissons de la famille des perches, ou des percoïdes. Historie naturelle des poissons. Tome Sixième (in French). 2: i-xxi + 2 pp. + 1-490, Pls. 9-40.
• Heemstra, P. C.; Randall, J. E. (1993). Groupers of the World (Family Serranidae, Subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. FAO Species Catalogue. 16. FAO Fish. Synop.
• Helfman, G.; Collette, B.; Facey, D. (1997), The diversity of fishes, Malden, Massachusetts, the United States: Blackwell Science
• Moyle, P.; Cech, J. (2000), Fishes: An Introduction to Ichthyology (4a ed.), Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, the United States: Prentice Hall
• Nelson, J. (1994). Fishes of the World (3 ed.). New York, the United States: John Wiley and Sons.
• Wheeler, A. (1985), The World Encyclopedia of Fishes (2 ed.), London: Macdonald

• Media related to Epinephelus chlorostigma at Wikimedia Commons