British Rail Mark 5 (CAF)

In 2015, the Caledonian Sleeper service, which had formed part of the ScotRail franchise, was split into a separate operation, with Serco as the new franchise operator. As part of the franchise agreement, Serco was committed to procuring new rolling stock to replace the operation's existing fleet of Mark 2 and Mark 3 passenger coaches. In February 2015, Serco signed a €200m deal with CAF to purchase 75 coaches of five different types.[4] These will be formed into a total of four 16-coach trains (London Euston to Fort William, Inverness and Aberdeen, London Euston to Edinburgh and Glasgow, plus the two respective return services), plus two coaches for Fort Willam-Edinburgh-Fort William, with nine coaches as spares, and will be hauled by Class 92 locomotives between London and Glasgow/Edinburgh, and Class 73s on unelectrified routes.[4] The new vehicles will be the first new locomotive-hauled passenger coaches introduced onto the British network since the Mark 4 vehicles on the East Coast Main Line as part of the InterCity 225 sets in 1989-1992. The first five cars began testing on the Velim railway test circuit in the Czech Republic in August 2017,[5] before being delivered to Polmadie TRSMD in January 2018.[6] Mark 5s commenced operating the London to Edinburgh and Glasgow services in April 2019, with the remainder converted in October 2019.[7][8]

In accordance with the Scottish Government Caledonian Sleeper franchise agreement, Serco's order for purpose-built sleeper rolling stock from CAF originally specified six different types of vehicles to accommodate onboard services and accommodation types. These included a separate lounge car, seated car, hybrid 'POD' / sleeper car, Pod car, PRM Sleeper car, and regular Sleeper car. However, due to safety concerns later arising over POD seating (air-craft style first class compartments) being incompatible with railway crash worthiness regulations, Serco opted to modify the Mk5 order by requesting that both POD dedicated and POD hybrid coaches instead be constructed as regular sleeping vehicles.

Lounge Car (RLO)
There are a total of 11 lounge vehicles. Each has the following features:

• Dining space for up to 30 passengers, including two wheelchair spaces
• Seven restaurant-style dining booths; two of which include 180 degree seating for five passengers, two with a capacity for four passengers, three for two passengers each including one for wheelchair users.
• Seven stools for solo travellers, with swivel function to face diagonally into the direction of travel.
• One galley with fully operational kitchen

Seated Car (FO)
There are a total of 11 seated vehicles. Each has the following features:

• Capacity of 30 'Comfort Seats' in 2 x 1 formation: with additional space for two wheelchairs
• Window blinds and power modules at each seat, equipped with plug and USB sockets, reading lights, and manual seat reclining
• Universal Access PRM compliant toilet
• Overhead lockable storage above each comfort seat
• Dedicated lockable large luggage storage shelves
• Guard's office

Sleeper Car (SLE/SLEP)
There are a total of 41 regular sleepers vehicles. Each have the following features:

• 6 Club single bed, en-suite shower & toilet rooms
• 3 Classic single bed, non-ensuite rooms
• 1 toilet or 1 steward office

Sleeper Car PRM (SLED)
There are a total of 12 PRM compliant sleeper vehicles. Each have the following features:

• 3 Caledonian Double bed, en-suite shower & toilet rooms, of which 1 is wheelchair accessible
• 1 Club single bed, en-suite shower & toilet, wheelchair accessible room
• 2 Classic single bed, non-ensuite rooms
• 2 Universal Access PRM compliant toilets

Every room in both sleeping vehicle types, with the exception of Caledonian Double rooms, is equipped for both single and shared bunk bed occupancy.

The typical formation of the new trains in service is the same as the previous formation:[9]

Highlander Formation
4-6 coaches - Edinburgh to Fort William
4-6 coaches - Edinburgh to Aberdeen
7-8 coaches - Edinburgh to Inverness

16 coaches - London Euston to Edinburgh (Full Portion)

Lowlander Formation
8 coaches - Carstairs to Edinburgh
8 coaches - Carstairs to Glasgow Central

16 coaches - London Euston to Carstairs (Full Portion)

Notes

• Formation of Highland Sleeper portions north of Edinburgh frequently re-adjusted between various lengths in accordance with demand.
• Fort William portion has lounge and seated coaches detached from sleeping coaches at Edinburgh when heading southbound, and re-attached to sleeper coaches at Edinburgh when heading northbound.
• All sleeper portions on both Highland and Lowland services in both directions, with the exception of the Fort William portion, each include one seated carriage and one lounge carriage for the whole journey.