Black hair

Black hair is the darkest and most common of all human hair colors globally, due to larger populations with this dominant trait. It is a dominant genetic trait, and it is found in people of all backgrounds and ethnicities. It has large amounts of eumelanin and is less dense than other hair colors. In English, various types of black hair are sometimes described as soft-black, raven black, or jet-black. The range of skin colors associated with black hair is vast, ranging from the palest of light skin tones to dark skin. Black-haired humans can have dark or light eyes.

This article is about hair that is black in color. For information regarding hair that is the texture of unprocessed African hair, see Afro-textured hair.
Indian actress Deepika Padukone with raven black hair.

Distribution

Though this characteristic can also be seen in people of the United Kingdom and Northwestern Europe, it is less common.[1] People of Celtic heritage in Ireland with such traits are sometimes known as the "Black Irish".[2]

Hair is naturally reflective, so black hair is not completely dark in bright light. However, the darkest shade will not have a warm, neutral tone but a sheen which can seem almost blue, like the iridescence of a raven's wing; hence, sometimes referred to as raven-black.

Genetics

People with Amerindian or East Asian or Southeast Asian or Middle East ancestry have thicker and straighter hair. The reason is because these populations have the Derived EDAR gene allele that is linked to thicker and straighter hair and shovel-shaped incisors. The derived EDAR gene arose approximately 30,000 years ago in China.[3] One study shows that paleo amerindians had both variants of the EDAR gene, the derived G-allele and the ancestral A-allele. When they tested ancient DNA remains found in the Americas of the individuals named USR1, Anzick-1 and Laranjal-6700 the results showed that they carried the ancestral A-allele.

While the remains of Cuncaicha and Lauricocha 2 ancient individuals from South America dating back 11,000 years ago share alleles at the highest rate with present-day amerindians. That means the derived G-allele increased in frequency in parallel with the ancestral A-allele.[4]

  • San tribesman with black hair.
  • Male black hair from behind.
  • Female black hair from behind.
  • Chinese girl with black hair.
  • A Circassian woman with black hair.
  • Khoisan woman with black hair.
  • Amerindian with black hair with the derived G-allele
  • Amerindian with black hair from North America with the ancestral A-allele
  • Amerindian with black hair from South America with the derived G-allele

See also

References
  1. The Distribution of Anthropological Traits in Europe, Bertil Lundman: The Races and Peoples of Europe (New York 1977)
  2. Hornbeck, Shirley Elro (2000-01-01). This and that Genealogy Tips. Genealogical Publishing Com. ISBN 9780806350271.
  3. "Amerindians and Asians carry a version of the EDAR gene that is linked to thicker hair shafts".
  4. "Reconstructing the Deep Population History of Central and South America".

Media related to Black hair at Wikimedia Commons

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.