Bessel potential

In mathematics, the Bessel potential is a potential (named after Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel) similar to the Riesz potential but with better decay properties at infinity.

If s is a complex number with positive real part then the Bessel potential of order s is the operator

where Δ is the Laplace operator and the fractional power is defined using Fourier transforms.

Yukawa potentials are particular cases of Bessel potentials for in the 3-dimensional space.

Representation in Fourier space

The Bessel potential acts by multiplication on the Fourier transforms: for each

Integral representations

When , the Bessel potential on can be represented by

where the Bessel kernel is defined for by the integral formula [1]

Here denotes the Gamma function. The Bessel kernel can also be represented for by[2]

Asymptotics

At the origin, one has as ,[3]

In particular, when the Bessel potential behaves asymptotically as the Riesz potential.

At infinity, one has, as , [4]

See also

References

  1. Stein, Elias (1970). Singular integrals and differentiability properties of functions. Princeton University Press. Chapter V eq. (26). ISBN 0-691-08079-8.
  2. N. Aronszajn; K. T. Smith (1961). "Theory of Bessel potentials I". Ann. Inst. Fourier. 11. 385–475, (4,2).
  3. N. Aronszajn; K. T. Smith (1961). "Theory of Bessel potentials I". Ann. Inst. Fourier. 11. 385–475, (4,3).
  4. N. Aronszajn; K. T. Smith (1961). "Theory of Bessel potentials I". Ann. Inst. Fourier. 11: 385–475.
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