Bermuda hotspot

The Bermuda hotspot is a supposed midplate hotspot swell in the Atlantic Ocean 500-1000 km southeast of Bermuda,[1] proposed to explain the extinct volcanoes of the Bermuda Rise as well as the Mississippi Embayment[2][3][4] and the Sabine Uplift southwest of the Mississippi Embayment.[5]

A 2002 paper by Roy B. Van Arsdale and Randel Cox of the University of Memphis proposes that the Bermuda hotspot generated the Mississippi Embayment in the Early Cretaceous period, when the hotspot strengthened and uplifted the present-day Mississippi Valley. The resulting highland eroded over time, and when North American plate motion moved the valley away from the hotspot the resulting thinned lithosphere subsided forming a trough.[4] As evidence, Van Arsdale and Cox cite the seismic zones centered on New Madrid, Missouri and Charleston, South Carolina, and the volcanic kimberlite pipes in Arkansas.

Other papers[6][7] argue that the lack of a chain of age-progressive seamounts (as in the Hawaiian-Emperor seamount chain), the absence of present-day volcanism, and the elongation of the Bermuda Rise oblique to plate motion are evidence against a hotspot origin for the Bermuda Rise. Peter R. Vogt and Woo-Yeol Jung[6] alternatively attribute the Bermuda Rise to a reorganization of plate tectonics associated with the closing of the Tethys Sea, though noting that shallow processes may not explain the source of the magmatism. A more recent paper [7] finds a thinning in the mantle transition zone under Bermuda, apparently consistent with mantle upwelling and a hot lower mantle below Bermuda.

See also

References
  1. Vacher, H.L.; Rowe, Mark (1997). Vacher, H.L.; Quinn, T. (eds.). Geology and Hydrogeology of Bermuda, in Geology and Hydrogeology of Carbonate Islands, Developments in Sedimentology 54. Amsterdam: elsevier Science B.V. pp. 35–90. ISBN 9780444516442.
  2. Cox, Randel T.; Roy B. Van Arsdale (Jan 2007). "The Mississippi's Curious Origins". Scientific American. 296 (1): 76–82B. Bibcode:2007SciAm.296a..76V. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0107-76.
  3. Cox, Randel T.; Roy B. Van Arsdale (1997). "Hotspot origin of the Mississippi embayment and its possible impact on contemporary seismicity". Engineering Geology. 46 (3–4): 201–216. doi:10.1016/S0013-7952(97)00003-3.
  4. Cox, Randel T.; Roy B. Van Arsdale (2002). "The Mississippi Embayment North America: A First Order Continental Structure Generated by the Cretaceaous Superplume Mantle Event". Journal of Geodynamics. 34 (2): 163–176. Bibcode:2002JGeo...34..163C. doi:10.1016/S0264-3707(02)00019-4.
  5. Nunn, Jeffrey A. (1990). "Relaxation of Continental Lithosphere: an Explanation for Late Cretaceous Reactivation of the Sabine Uplift of Louisiana-Texas". Tectonics. 9 (2): 341–359. Bibcode:1990Tecto...9..341N. doi:10.1029/TC009i002p00341.
  6. Vogt, Peter R.; Woo-Yeol Jung (2007). Origin of the Bermuda volcanoes and the Bermuda Rise: History, observations, models, and puzzles (PDF). Special Paper 430: Plates, Plumes and Planetary Processes. 430. pp. 553–591. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.484.2851. doi:10.1130/2007.2430(27). ISBN 978-0-8137-2430-0. Retrieved 2008-08-12.
  7. Benoit, Margaret H.; Maureen D. Long; Scott D. King (2013). "Anomalously thin transition zone and apparently isotropic upper mantle beneath Bermuda: Evidence for upwelling". Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems. 14 (10): 4282. Bibcode:2013GGG....14.4282B. doi:10.1002/ggge.20277.

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