Ben Webster

Benjamin Francis Webster (March 27, 1909 – September 20, 1973) was an American jazz tenor saxophonist.[1]

For other people named Ben Webster, see Ben Webster (disambiguation).

Ben Webster
Background information
Birth nameBenjamin Francis Webster
Born(1909-03-27)March 27, 1909
Kansas City, Missouri U.S.
DiedSeptember 20, 1973(1973-09-20) (aged 64)
Amsterdam, Netherlands
GenresJazz
Occupation(s)Musician
InstrumentsTenor saxophone
Associated actsDuke Ellington, Coleman Hawkins, Oscar Peterson

Career
Portrait of Ben Webster, Famous Door, New York City, c. Oct. 1947

A native of Kansas City, Missouri[1] he studied violin, learned how to play blues on the piano from Pete Johnson, and received saxophone lessons from Budd Johnson.[2] He played with Lester Young in the Young Family Band.[2][3] He recorded with Blanche Calloway and became a member of the Bennie Moten Orchestra with Count Basie, Hot Lips Page, and Walter Page.[2][4] For the rest of the 1930s, he played in bands led by Willie Bryant, Benny Carter, Cab Calloway, Fletcher Henderson, Andy Kirk, and Teddy Wilson.[2] He was a soloist with the Duke Ellington Orchestra in the 1940s, appearing on "Cotton Tail".[2] He considered Johnny Hodges, an alto saxophonist in the Ellington orchestra, a major influence on his playing.[5]

Webster left the band in 1943 after an altercation during which he allegedly cut one of Ellington's suits.[6] Clark Terry said the departure was because Webster slapped Ellington.[7] Webster worked on 52nd Street in New York City, where he recorded frequently as a leader and sideman.[2][8] During this time he worked with Raymond Scott, John Kirby, Bill DeArango, Sid Catlett, Jay McShann, and Jimmy Witherspoon. For a few months in 1948, he returned briefly to Ellington's orchestra.

In 1953, he recorded King of the Tenors with pianist Oscar Peterson, who would be an important collaborator with Webster throughout the decade in his recordings for the various labels of Norman Granz. Along with Peterson, trumpeter Harry 'Sweets' Edison and others, he was touring and recording with Granz's Jazz at the Philharmonic package. In 1956, he recorded a classic set with pianist Art Tatum, supported by bassist Red Callender and drummer Bill Douglass. Coleman Hawkins Encounters Ben Webster with fellow tenor saxophonist Coleman Hawkins was recorded on December 16, 1957, along with Peterson, Herb Ellis (guitar), Ray Brown (bass), and Alvin Stoller (drums). The Hawkins and Webster recording is a jazz classic, the coming together of two giants of the tenor saxophone, who had first met back in Kansas City.

In the late 1950s, he formed a quintet with Gerry Mulligan and played frequently at a club in Los Angeles called Renaissance. It was there that the Webster-Mulligan group backed up blues singer Jimmy Witherspoon on an album recorded live for Hi-Fi Jazz Records.[9] That same year, 1959, the quintet, with pianist Jimmy Rowles, bassist Leroy Vinnegar, and drummer Mel Lewis, also recorded "Gerry Mulligan Meets Ben Webster" for Verve Records.[10]

In Europe

Webster worked steadily, but in late 1964 he moved to Europe, working with American jazz musicians and local musicians. He played when he pleased during his last decade. He lived in London and several locations in Scandinavia for one year, followed by three years in Amsterdam, and made his last home in Copenhagen in 1969.[11] Webster appeared as a sax player in a low-rent cabaret club in the 1970 Danish blue film titled Quiet Days in Clichy. In 1971, Webster reunited with Duke Ellington and his orchestra for a couple of shows at the Tivoli Gardens in Copenhagen; he also recorded "live" in France with Earl Hines.[12] He also recorded or performed with Buck Clayton, Bill Coleman and Teddy Wilson.

Webster suffered a cerebral bleed in Amsterdam in September 1973, following a performance at the Twee Spieghels in Leiden, and died on 20 September. His body was cremated in Copenhagen and his ashes were buried in the Assistens Cemetery in the Nørrebro section of the city.[13]

Webster's private collection of jazz recordings and memorabilia is archived in the jazz collections at the University Library of Southern Denmark, Odense.[14]

Ben Webster used the same saxophone from 1938 until his death in 1973. Ben left instructions that the horn was never to be played again. It is on display in the Jazz Institute at Rutgers University in New Brunswick, New Jersey.[15]

Ben Webster has a street named after him in southern Copenhagen, "Ben Websters Vej".[16]

On June 25, 2019, The New York Times Magazine listed Ben Webster among hundreds of artists whose material was reportedly destroyed in the 2008 Universal fire.[17]

Ben Webster Foundation

After Webster's death, Billy Moore Jr. and the trustee of Webster's estate created the Ben Webster Foundation, a non-profit organization in Denmark.

During the eight years Webster lived in Denmark, he lacked a manager or agent to take care of his artistic rights. In 1972 he joined Billy Moore Jr., arranger for Jimmie Lunceford. Moore clarified Webster's recording history to secure his royalties. Moore started the Ben Webster Foundation with the trustee of Webster's estate. Webster's legal heir, Harley Robinson, assigned his rights to the foundation, which was confirmed by the queen of Denmark in 1976.

Since Webster's only legal heir, Harley Robinson of Los Angeles, gladly assigned his rights to the foundation, the Ben Webster Foundation was confirmed by the Queen of Denmark's Seal in 1976. In the Foundation's trust deed, one of the initial paragraphs reads: "to support the dissemination of jazz in Denmark". The trust is a beneficial foundation which channels Webster's annual royalties to musicians in both Denmark and the U.S. An annual Ben Webster Prize is awarded to a young outstanding musician. The prize is not large, but is considered highly prestigious. Over the years, several American musicians have visited Denmark with the help of the Foundation, and concerts, a few recordings, and other jazz-related events have been supported.

The board of the foundation consists of close friends and fans of Webster. Webster's annual royalties are conveyed back to musicians both in Denmark and the U.S. The Ben Webster Prize is awarded annually by vote to one outstanding young musician.[18]

American musicians have visited Denmark to help the foundation by giving concerts. The Board of Trustees monitors Webster's artistic rights and reissues of his music. The foundation concentrates on the legality, quality, and validity of these reissues.[19]

In year 2009, Ernie Wilkins's Almost Big Band opened the Copenhagen Jazz Festival with a concert at the Copenhagen Jazzhouse which included the "All Time Battle of Tenor Saxophones" presented by the Webster Foundation.[20]

Discography

As leader
  • The Consummate Artistry of Ben Webster (Norgran, 1954)
  • The Art Tatum - Ben Webster Quartet (Verve, 1958)
  • Soulville (Verve, 1958)
  • Coleman Hawkins Encounters Ben Webster (Verve, 1959)
  • Ben Webster & Associates (Verve, 1959)
  • Ben Webster Meets Oscar Peterson (Verve, 1959)
  • The Soul of Ben Webster (Verve, 1960)
  • Gerry Mulligan Meets Ben Webster (Verve, 1960)
  • The Warm Moods (Reprise, 1961)
  • BBB & Co. (Prestige, 1962)
  • Wanted to Do One Together (Columbia, 1962)
  • Soulmates with Joe Zawinul (Riverside, 1963)
  • See You at the Fair (Impulse!, 1964)
  • Intimate! (Fontana, 1965)
  • Big Ben Time! (Fontana, 1967)
  • Ben Webster Meets Don Byas (SABA, 1968)
  • Big Sound (Polydor, 1969)
  • Ben Webster at Ease (Ember, 1969)
  • For the Guv'nor (Columbia, 1969)
  • Webster's Dictionary (Philips, 1970)
  • Ben at His Best (RCA Victor, 1970)
  • Autumn Leaves with Georges Arvanitas (Futura, 1972)
  • Swingin' in London (Black Lion, 1972)
  • My Man: Live at Montmartre 1973 (Steeplechase, 1973)
  • Previously Unreleased Recordings (Verve, 1974)
  • Saturday Night at the Montmartre (Black Lion, 1974)
  • Rare Live Performance 1962 (Musidisc, 1975)
  • Ben and the Boys (Jazz Archives, 1976)
  • Sunday Morning at the Montmartre (Black Lion, 1977)
  • Layin' Back with Ben Vol. 1 (Honeydew, 1977)
  • Layin' Back with Ben Vol. 2 (Honeydew, 1977)
  • Carol & Ben (Honeydew, 1977)
  • Did You Call? (Nessa, 1978)
  • The Horn (Circle, 1982)
  • Ben Webster at the Renaissance (Contemporary, 1985)
  • Plays Duke Ellington (Storyville, 1988)
  • Ben Webster Plays Ballads (Storyville, 1988)
  • Stormy Weather (Black Lion, 1988)
  • Meets Bill Coleman (Black Lion, 1989)
  • Live in Paris 1972 (France's Concert, 1989)
  • Live in Amsterdam (Affinity, 1989)
  • The Jeep Is Jumping (Black Lion, 1990)
  • 1953: An Exceptional Encounter (The Jazz Factory, 2000)

As sideman

With Johnny Hodges

With others

References
  1. Larkin, Colin, ed. (1997). The Virgin Encyclopedia of Popular Music (Concise ed.). Virgin. p. 1240. ISBN 1-85227-745-9.
  2. Yanow, Scott. "Ben Webster". AllMusic. Retrieved June 8, 2020.
  3. The Rough Guide to Jazz (3rd ed.). Rough Guides. 2004. pp. 845–846. ISBN 9781843532569.
  4. Lee, William F. (2005). American Big Bands. Hal Leonard. p. 71. ISBN 9780634080548.
  5. Chilton, John (1996). Sidney Bechet: The Wizard of Jazz. Da Capo Press. p. 289. ISBN 0306806789.
  6. "That Eric Alper!". CJRT-FM. October 14, 2011. Retrieved May 5, 2019.
  7. Zan Stewart interview with Clark Terry, Aug. 2003 for article in Newark Star-Ledger, Sept. 28, 2003, "The Elder Statesman of Swing."
  8. Dicaire, David (2003). Jazz Musicians of the Early Years, to 1945. McFarland. p. 211. ISBN 9780786485567.
  9. Bob Porter, "Portraits in Blue," broadcast August 2, 2014 on WBGO radio.
  10. Michael Ruppli, "The Complete Norgran, Clef and Verve Recordings, Vol. 2.(Greenwood Press)
  11. "Big Ben". The New Yorker. August 20, 2001.
  12. LP issued as Hines's Tune in France with Don Byas, Roy Eldridge, Stuff Smith, Kenny Clarke and Jimmy Woode.
  13. "Six Graves to Know in Copenhagen's Assistens Kirkegård". Scandinavia Standard. May 7, 2016. Retrieved May 5, 2019.
  14. "The jazz collections at the University Library of Southern Denmark". Retrieved May 5, 2019.
  15. Sullivan, Joseph F. (May 27, 1979). "Jazz at Rutgers". The New York Times. p. NJ16.
  16. Nic Liney (July 1, 2016). "When the Village Vanguard came to Denmark". Retrieved May 5, 2019.
  17. Rosen, Jody (June 25, 2019). "Here Are Hundreds More Artists Whose Tapes Were Destroyed in the UMG Fire". The New York Times. Retrieved June 28, 2019.
  18. "The Annual Ben Webster Prize". Benwebster.dk. Archived from the original on 27 July 2010. Retrieved 12 October 2010.
  19. "The Ben Webster Foundation". Benwebster.dk. Archived from the original on October 2, 2010. Retrieved October 12, 2010.
  20. "All-time Battle of Tenor Saxophones in Hundred Years". Politiken.dk. Retrieved November 12, 2010.
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