Battle of Margate

In October 1386, Richard II’s so-called Wonderful Parliament approved a commission which began gathering men and ships for a descent (amphibious assault) on Flanders. This was aimed at provoking an insurrection that would replace the government of Philip the Bold with a pro-English regime.[5] It was also hoped this would dispel any French invasion attempt on England. On 10 December, Richard, Earl of Arundel, a member of the commission, was appointed admiral; a week later, the earl indented with the Crown to serve with 2,500 men for three months beginning on 1 March 1387.[1]

On 16 March, Arundel arrived at Sandwich, where he took command of a fleet of sixty ships. Intending to invade England, the French and Castilians had gathered an army of thirty thousand men and a fleet of twelve hundred vessels at Sluis (Sluys) in the previous autumn.[6] Philip the Bold, who was the driving force in Charles VI's minority government, suddenly fell ill and so the expedition was cancelled and the fleet dispersed.[7] Many ships of the fleet however were still maintained and put to use in convoys for trading ships.[8]

On 24 March 1387 Arundel's fleet sighted part of a French fleet of around 250–360 vessels commanded by Sir Jean de Bucq. This fleet included contingents of Flemish and Castilian vessels, many of which were also carrying wine from La Rochelle to Sluis.[2] Although significantly larger than Arundel's flotilla, De Bucq's fleet was inferior in both manpower and armaments, having an inadequate complement of soldiers to defend it from the English attack. As the English attacked, a number of Flemish vessels deserted the fleet and from there a series of battles commenced from Margate into the channel towards the Flemish coast.[3] The first engagement, off Margate itself, was the largest action and forced the allied fleet to flee with the loss of many ships.[5]

The battle took place mostly in the Southern North Sea, while the two fleets were on the move, and Cadzand where the Franco-Castilian-Flemish fleet was finally defeated by the English.[7] More French and Castilian ships were sunk or captured. Arundel pursued the remnants of the fleet to Sluis where he arrived two days later.[6] He penetrated into the outer anchorage and captured seven more ships with another eleven more burnt or sunk in the harbour. The English set up a blockade which lasted more than two weeks; they stopped and seized incoming vessels.[5] However instead of holding the port, which was virtually undefended, the earl put landing parties ashore to burn and plunder coastal villages and seize rich prisoners for ransom. More booty was captured, but the Flemish uprising never materialised.[1]

On 14 April, with supplies running low and his men falling ill, Arundel returned to England. In total over a dozen ships were sunk or burned, and sixty eight ships captured including three heavily laden Castilian carracks. De Bucq was captured and promptly sent to the Tower of London.[5]

After refitting, the earl sailed to Brittany, where he resupplied the besieged garrison at Brest, but failed to effect a reconciliation with John IV, Duke of Brittany.[8] Arundel had won a major victory, and ended the threat of a French and Castilian invasion for the next decade and damaged their naval capabilities. The barrels were carried to London, where they were sold for a fraction of the normal price and won much popularity for Arundel.[3]

Margate was the last major naval battle of the Caroline War phase of the Hundred Years' War. It destroyed France's chance of an invasion of England for at least the next decade.[9]

Citations

Books

• Highfield, J.R.L (1972). Lopez-Morillas, Frances M. (ed.). Spain in the Fifteenth Century 1369–1516: Essays and Extracts by Historians of Spain. Springer. ISBN 9781349008964.
• Goodman, Anthony (1971). The Loyal Conspiracy: The Lords Appellant Under Richard II. University of Miami Press. ISBN 9780870242151.
• Gorski, R (2012). Roles of the Sea in Medieval England. Boydell Press. pp. 103–124. ISBN 1843837013. Retrieved 3 March 2019.
• Nicolas, Sir N.H. (1847). A History of the Royal Navy: 1327-1422. R. Bentley. pp. 306–322. ISBN 9781346331737. Retrieved 3 March 2019.
• Stanton, Charles D (2015). Medieval Maritime Warfare. Pen and Sword. ISBN 9781473856431.
• Sumption, Jonathan (2011). Hundred Years War, Volume 3. Faber & Faber. ISBN 9780571266562.
• Wagner, J.A (2006). Encyclopedia of the Hundred Years War. Greenwood Press. p. 71. ISBN 9780313327360. Retrieved 2 March 2019.