Bakenkhonsu
Bakenkhonsu (“Servant of Khonsu”) was a High Priest of Amun in ancient Egypt during the reign of Pharaoh Ramesses II.[3] Information about his life was found on the back of his statue (which is now located in Munich). The information on the statue provides details about the education of young Egyptian noblemen at that time and the career of priests.
| Bakenkhonsu High Priest of Amun | |
|---|---|
 Block statue of Bakenkhonsu at Munich. | |
| Successor | Roma called Roy |
| Dynasty | 19th Dynasty |
| Pharaoh | Ramesses II |
| Father | Ipui |
| Wife | Meretseger |
| Children | Paser and Amenmesse Nefertari |
| Burial | Thebes |
| ||||||
| Bakenkhonsu[1][2] in hieroglyphs |
|---|
Bakenkhonsu is named for the god Khonsu, traveller, a Moon God of Ancient Egypt and son of Amun.
Life
According to the information inscribed on his statue, Bakenkhonsu was the son of Ipui, a priest of Amun (other sources suggest that he was the son of Roma, whose wife was also called Roma).[4] His two younger brothers were Roma-Roi and Ipui. He spent four years at school, starting at the age of four, as was customary at that time. He then worked at the stables of Pharaoh Seti I for eleven years. There he learned to shoot with a bow and to drive a chariot. It is possible that he also served in the Pharaoh's army.
Bakenkhonsu's career as a priest then began when he joined Amun's priesthood in Thebes where his father already served as a priest (Ipui later became Second Prophet of Amun). Bakenkhonsu served as a wab priest (lowest priestly rank) for four years. He was then promoted to the rank of prophet and, twelve years later, he was the Third Prophet of Amun, the third highest ranking priest in the most powerful priesthood of the era. Later he was promoted to second, then to first prophet or high priest, a position he held for twenty-seven years. He died in the last regnal year of Ramesses II, at the age of ninety, and was succeeded as High Priest by his brother Roma-Roi.
Bakenkhonsu was responsible for several building projects for the king, including the eastern temple in the Karnak Temple complex.
Bakenkhonsu was married to Meretseger, who held the titles of Chief of the Harem of Amun.[5] Two of their sons, Paser and Amenmesse became governors of Thebes. Their daughter, Nefertari married Tjanefer, the Third Prophet of Amun and three of her sons and a grandson became high ranking priests (fourth, third, or second prophets of Amun). The family is related to another important family of priests which included Ramessesnakht, who was High Priest of Amun during the 20th dynasty, as Nefertari's son Amenemopet married Ramessesnakht's daughter Tamerit/Aatmerit.
Autobiographical Texts
Bakenkhons has left autobiographical inscriptions on statues from Karnak, one of which is now in a museum in Munich.[6]
Bakenkhons outlines his life as follows:
- I spent 4 years as a promising youngster
- I spent 11 years as a youngster, when I was a trainee Stablemaster of King Menmare
- I was a wab-priest of Amun for 4 years
- I was a God's Father of Amun for 12 years
- I was a Third Prophet of Amun for 15 years
- I was a Second Prophet of Amun for 12 years
- He showed me favor, because he recognized the worth of my character. He appointed me High Priest of Amun for 27 years (already).[7]
On another statue - from Cairo (CGC 42155) - Bakenkhons mentions that he came from Thebes and that his parents also were Thebans. He spent some years at the scribal school in the Temple of the Lady of Heaven, and he was taught to be a wab-priest by his own father in the House of Amun.
Burial
Bakenkhons was buried in TT35 in Thebes. In the hallway there are several depictions of Bakenkhons and his wife Meretseger. A niche contains seated statues of Bakenkhons and his wife. The tomb also had a pyramid associated with it.
The sarcophagus from the tomb is now in the Liverpool museum (M13864). Other finds from the tomb include a wooden scribe's palette in the form of a hes vase which is now in the Louvre (N 3018) and a statue of Bakhenkhons which is now in the Munich Glyptotek.[4]
Sarcophagus and block statue
Bakenkhonsu's sarcophagus is located in the World Museum Liverpool, England. He is also noteworthy for a famous block statue[3] inscribed with four vertical columns of hieroglyphs relating his life story. The plinth of the block statue is also engraved with hieroglyphs.
His name Soul (of) Khonsu, Soul of The Traveller may relate to the title given on his block statue:[8] Victory Forever for the Soul, using the branch (hieroglyph) for 'victory', n-khet; Forever, h-Ra-h, (the h-(wick hieroglyph)), being in a hieroglyphic block for 'Eternity', and the 'Soul', in another block for: "for the soul of", or "for the spirit of", yielding: Victory Forever for the Soul.
References
- Freed, 1987. Ramses II; The Great Pharaoh And His Time, (2nd printing: an exhibition in the city of Denver), Rita E. Freed, c 1987, Denver Museum of Natural History, Exhibit Catalog, 235 pp, w/ Index, Table of Contents, 3 Parts-(plus 3 subchapters); full page photo of Block statue (Egyptian) of Bakenkhonsu with his name. p. 82. Last hieroglyph-(the determinative), two places), is the revered "man" of authority in a chair, holding a Flail of dignity, and power.
- Hermann Ranke: Die ägyptische Persönennamen. Verlag von J. J. Augustin in Glückstadt, 1935, p.91
- Dodson, Aidan (2001). The Hieroglyphs of Ancient Egypt. New York: Barnes & Noble. Hardcover: ISBN 978-0-7607-2664-8, p. 30.
- Moss, Rosalind; Porter, Bertha (2004). "Part 1: The Theban Necropolis. Private Tombs". In Malek, Jaromir (ed.). Topographical Bibliography of Ancient Egyptian Hieroglyphic Texts, Reliefs, and Paintings. I (2nd ed.). Griffith Institute. ISBN 0-900416-81-5.
- Jansen-Winkeln, K. (1993). "The Career of the Egyptian High Priest Bakenkhons" (PDF). Journal of Near Eastern Studies. 52: 221–225. doi:10.1086/373624.
- Frood, Elizabeth (2007). Biographical Texts from Ramessid Egypt. ISBN 978-1-58983-210-7.
- Kitchen, K. A. (1996). Ramesside Inscriptions, Translated & Annotated, Translations. III. Blackwell Publishers.
- Freed, 1987, p. 82.
External links
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bakenkhonsu. |
- Sarcophagus of Bakenkhonsu; 22.0 dm (2.20 m)