Panorpida

Panorpida or Mecopterida is a proposed superorder of Endopterygota. The conjectured monophyly of the Panorpida is historically based on morphological evidence, namely the reduction or loss of the ovipositor and several internal characteristics, including a muscle connecting a pleuron and the first axillary sclerite at the base of the wing, various features of the larval maxilla and labium, and basal fusion of CuP and A1 veins in the hind wings.[1][2] The monophyly of the Panorpida is also supported by recent molecular data.[3]

Panzygothoraca
 

Hymenoptera (sawflies, wasps, ants, bees)

 
Panorpida
Amphiesmenoptera
 

Trichoptera (caddisflies)

 
 

Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths)

 
 
Antliophora
 

Diptera

 
 
 

Mecoptera (scorpionflies, hangingflies, 400 spp.) (exc. Boreidae)

 
 
 

Boreidae (snow scorpionflies, 30 spp.)

 
 

Siphonaptera (fleas, 2500 spp.)

 
 
 
 
 
part of Endopterygota

Panorpida
Celastrina argiolus
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
(unranked): Endopterygota
Superorder: Panorpida
Clades

References
  1. Kristensen, Niels Peder (1975). "The phylogeny of hexapod "orders". A critical review of recent accounts". Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research. 1 (13): 1–44. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0469.1975.tb00226.x.
  2. Kristensen, Niels Peder (1991). "Phylogeny of extant hexapods". Insects of Australia: 126–140.
  3. Grimaldi, David; Engel, Michael, S. (2005). Evolution of the Insects. Cambridge University Press. p. 468. ISBN 978-0-521-82149-0.
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