Anthony A. Hyman

Anthony Arie Hyman (born 27 May 1962) FRS is a British scientist and professor at the Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics.[3][4][5]

For the British Islamicist, see Anthony Hyman.

Anthony Hyman
Born
Anthony Arie Hyman

(1962-05-27) 27 May 1962[1]
Haifa, Israel[1]
NationalityBritish
Alma mater
Spouse(s)Suzanne Eaton
Children2
Awards
Scientific career
FieldsMolecular Cell Biology
Institutions
ThesisEstablishment of division axes in the early embryonic divisions of Caenorhabditis Elegans (1987)
Websitehymanlab.mpi-cbg.de

Personal life and education

Hyman was educated at University College London and King's College, Cambridge,[1] where he was awarded a PhD in 1987.

Hyman was married to American scientist Suzanne Eaton (1959–2019); the couple had two children.[6]

Research

Hyman has focused his career on examining microtubules and how these structures of the cytoskeleton control: cell division, mitotic spindle position, and cell polarity. Hyman's research has identified how microtubules are made into cellular structures and how they are broken down.

While at King's College, Cambridge, Hyman worked under the supervision of John White and was a key researcher in Sydney Brenner's C. elegans group. Using microscopy and microsurgery, he examined the placement of cell axes during early cell division of C.elegans embryos. Hyman presented new findings about mechanisms of rotation by cutting microtubules with a laser beam. Hyman demonstrated that pulling forces acting from the posterior cortex on microtubules drives spindle rotation.[7]

At the University of California, San Francisco, Hyman investigated the interaction between chromosomes and microtubules that create the mitotic forces that separate chromosomes in the lab of Tim Mitchison. He also created a number of tools that are used today:

While at the European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) Hyman along with Rebecca Heald and Eric Karsenti combined their work to create an impact on the current understanding of how the meiotic spindle self assembles.[12] Hyman created his first independent group at EMBL that discovered that the important factors in Xenopus egg extracts were the stabilizing protein, XMAP215 and the destabilizing protein, XKCM1.[13]

In 1999, Hyman became one of the four founding directors of Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics[14] and was the Managing Director for the institute from 2010–2013. During his tenure at the MPI-CBG, Hyman and his lab members have focused on:

  • Cytoplasmic organization and how cells form non-membrane bound compartments
  • Size and scaling of the spindle, centrosomes, and other organelles
  • Spatial control of the microtubule cytoskeleton
  • Positioning of the spindle

Hyman has worked on creating parts lists for cell division among human cells as part of the EU funded projects Mitocheck[15] and MitoSys.[16]

Hyman is currently studying the mechanisms by which cells compartmentalize their biochemistry. Of his many contributions to the field of molecular biology, he is best known for two discoveries in particular: In 2000, his team pioneered the use of RNA interference to define the “parts lists” for different cytoplasmic processes. And in 2009, while teaching a physiology course in Woods Hole, he, together with Cliff Brangwynne and Frank Julicher, made a fundamental breakthrough by being the first to observe that compartments in cells can form by phase separation. Aberrant phase transitions within liquid-like compartments may underlie amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and other neurodegenerative and age-related diseases. Hyman’s current work focuses on the physical-chemical basis by which intrinsically disordered proteins phase separate. Using this knowledge, he is studying the roles of phase separation in physiology and disease.[17]

Awards and honours

In 2011, Hyman was awarded the Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Prize, Germany's most prestigious research award, for his work on microtubules and cell division.[18] Hyman was elected a Member in 2000 of the European Molecular Biology Organization (EMBO) in 2000 and was awarded its Gold Medal in 2003.[2] He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 2007.[19] In February 2020, Hyman was awarded the 2020 Wiley Prize in Biomedical Sciences for his work on biomolecular condensates.[20]. In 2020, he was also given the NOMIS Distinguished Scientist Award by the NOMIS Foundation.[21] Hyman was elected Member of the National Academy of Sciences in April 2020.[22]

References
  1. "HYMAN, Prof. Anthony Arie". Who's Who. 2015 (online Oxford University Press ed.). A & C Black, an imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing plc. (subscription or UK public library membership required) (subscription required)
  2. Hyman, A. A. (2005). "Boveri revisited". The EMBO Journal. 24 (6): 1104–1110. doi:10.1038/sj.emboj.7600583. PMC 556395. PMID 15775989.
  3. Hyman, A (2007). "Anthony Hyman: From unlikely scientist to Royal Society Fellow. Interview by Ruth Williams". The Journal of Cell Biology. 179 (7): 1330–1. doi:10.1083/jcb.1797pi. PMC 2373514. PMID 18166646.
  4. Hyman, A. A. (2011). "Whither systems biology". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 366 (1584): 3635–3637. doi:10.1098/rstb.2011.0074. PMC 3203457. PMID 22084389.
  5. Gönczy, P; Echeverri, C; Oegema, K; Coulson, A; Jones, S. J.; Copley, R. R.; Duperon, J; Oegema, J; Brehm, M; Cassin, E; Hannak, E; Kirkham, M; Pichler, S; Flohrs, K; Goessen, A; Leidel, S; Alleaume, A. M.; Martin, C; Ozlü, N; Bork, P; Hyman, A. A. (2000). "Functional genomic analysis of cell division in C. Elegans using RNAi of genes on chromosome III". Nature. 408 (6810): 331–6. Bibcode:2000Natur.408..331G. doi:10.1038/35042526. PMID 11099034.
  6. ASCB Profile: Tony Hyman. In: ASCB-Newsletter, November 2012, S. 41 (online).
  7. Hyman, A. A.; White, J. G. (1987). "Determination of cell division axes in the early embryogenesis of Caenorhabditis elegans". The Journal of Cell Biology. 105 (5): 2123–2135. doi:10.1083/jcb.105.5.2123. PMC 2114830. PMID 3680373.
  8. Hyman, A. A.; Salser, S; Drechsel, D. N.; Unwin, N; Mitchison, T. J. (1992). "Role of GTP hydrolysis in microtubule dynamics: Information from a slowly hydrolyzable analogue, GMPCPP". Molecular Biology of the Cell. 3 (10): 1155–67. doi:10.1091/mbc.3.10.1155. PMC 275679. PMID 1421572.
  9. Hyman, A; Drechsel, D; Kellogg, D; Salser, S; Sawin, K; Steffen, P; Wordeman, L; Mitchison, T (1991). Preparation of modified tubulins. Methods in Enzymology. 196. pp. 478–85. doi:10.1016/0076-6879(91)96041-o. ISBN 9780121820978. PMID 2034137..
  10. Hyman, A. A. (1991). "Preparation of marked microtubules for the assay of the polarity of microtubule-based motors by fluorescence". Journal of Cell Science. Supplement. 14: 125–7. doi:10.1242/jcs.1991.supplement_14.25. PMID 1832165.
  11. Hyman, A. A.; Mitchison, T. J. (1991). "Two different microtubule-based motor activities with opposite polarities in kinetochores". Nature. 351 (6323): 206–11. Bibcode:1991Natur.351..206H. doi:10.1038/351206a0. PMID 2041567.
  12. Heald, R; Tournebize, R; Blank, T; Sandaltzopoulos, R; Becker, P; Hyman, A; Karsenti, E (1996). "Self-organization of microtubules into bipolar spindles around artificial chromosomes in Xenopus egg extracts". Nature. 382 (6590): 420–5. Bibcode:1996Natur.382..420H. doi:10.1038/382420a0. PMID 8684481.
  13. Tournebize, R; Popov, A; Kinoshita, K; Ashford, A. J.; Rybina, S; Pozniakovsky, A; Mayer, T. U.; Walczak, C. E.; Karsenti, E; Hyman, A. A. (2000). "Control of microtubule dynamics by the antagonistic activities of XMAP215 and XKCM1 in Xenopus egg extracts" (PDF). Nature Cell Biology. 2 (1): 13–9. doi:10.1038/71330. PMID 10620801.
  14. "Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics". Retrieved 11 December 2010.
  15. "MitoCheck Consortium". Retrieved 24 April 2014.
  16. "MitoSys Consortium". Retrieved 25 April 2014.
  17. "Anthony Hyman – The NOMIS Foundation". nomisfoundation.ch. Retrieved 4 May 2020.
  18. "DFG Leibniz Prize Winner: Prof. Dr. Anthony A. Hyman". Retrieved 25 April 2014.
  19. Hyman, T. (2011). "Tony Hyman". Current Biology. 21 (7): R240–R242. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2011.02.010. PMID 21618732.
  20. Press, Associated. "Dewpoint Co-Founder Anthony Hyman Wins Prestigious Wiley Prize". Odessa American. Retrieved 25 February 2020.
  21. "Anthony Hyman – The NOMIS Foundation". nomisfoundation.ch. Retrieved 4 May 2020.
  22. "2020 NAS Election". National Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 28 April 2020.
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