Anne of Bohemia and Hungary

Anna of Bohemia and Hungary (23 July 1503 – 27 January 1547), sometimes known as Anna Jagellonica, was Queen of the Romans, Bohemia and Hungary as the wife of King Ferdinand I, later Holy Roman Emperor.

For other Annas of Bohemia, see Anna of Bohemia (disambiguation). For other Annas of Hungary, see Anna of Hungary (disambiguation). For other Annas Jagiellon, see Anna Jagiellon (disambiguation).

Anne of Bohemia and Hungary
Portrait by Hans Maler c. 1519
Queen consort of Germany
Tenure
  • 5 January 1531 –
  • 27 January 1547
Queen consort of Bohemia and Hungary
Tenure
  • 17 December 1526 –
  • 27 January 1547
Born(1503-07-23)23 July 1503
Buda, Kingdom of Hungary
Died27 January 1547(1547-01-27) (aged 43)
Prague, Kingdom of Bohemia
Burial
St. Vitus Cathedral
SpouseFerdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor
Issue
HouseJagiellon
FatherVladislaus II of Hungary
MotherAnne of Foix-Candale
ReligionRoman Catholicism

Family

She was the elder child and only daughter of King Vladislaus II of Bohemia and Hungary (1456–1516) and his third wife Anne of Foix-Candale.[1] She was an older sister of Louis II of Hungary and Bohemia. Her paternal grandparents were King Casimir IV of Poland, Grand Duke of Lithuania, of the Jagiellon dynasty, and Elisabeth of Austria, one of the heiresses of Bohemia, Duchy of Luxembourg and Duchy of Kujavia. Her maternal grandparents were Gaston de Foix, Count of Candale and Catherine de Foix, Infanta of the Kingdom of Navarre.

Life

Anne was born in Buda (now Budapest). The death of Vladislaus II on 13 March 1516 left both siblings in the care of Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor. It was arranged that Anna marry his grandson, Archduke Ferdinand of Austria, second son of Queen Regnant Joanna of Castile and her late husband and co-ruler, Philip I of Castile. Anna married Ferdinand on 26 May 1521 in Linz, Austria.[1] At the time Ferdinand was governing the Habsburg hereditary lands on behalf of his older brother Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor. It was stipulated that Ferdinand should succeed Anne's brother in case he died without male heirs.

Her brother Louis was killed in the Battle of Mohács against Suleiman the Magnificent of the Ottoman Empire on 29 August 1526. This left the thrones of both Bohemia and Hungary vacant. Ferdinand claimed both kingdoms and was elected King of Bohemia on 24 October of the same year, making Anna Queen of Bohemia.

Hungary was a more difficult case. Suleiman had annexed much of its lands. Ferdinand was proclaimed King of Hungary by a group of nobles, but another faction of Hungarian nobles refused to allow a foreign ruler to hold that title and elected John Zápolya as an alternative king. The resulting conflict between the two rivals and their successors lasted until 1571. In 1531, Ferdinand's older brother Charles V recognised Ferdinand as his successor as Holy Roman Emperor, and Ferdinand was elevated to the title King of the Romans.

Anna and Ferdinand had fifteen children, all of whom were born in Bohemia or Hungary. Both of these kingdoms had suffered for centuries from premature deaths among heirs and a shortage of succession prospects. Meanwhile, Anna served as queen consort of Bohemia and as one of three living queens of Hungary until her death. She died in Prague, days after giving birth to her last daughter Joanna. In 1556, Charles V abdicated and Ferdinand succeeded as emperor, nine years after Anna's death.

Children
NameBirthDeathNotes
Elisabeth 9 July 152615 June 1545 Married the future King Sigismund II Augustus of Poland; no issue
Maximilian 31 July 152712 October 1576 Married his first cousin Maria of Spain; had issue
Anna 7 July 152816–17 October 1590 Married Albert V, Duke of Bavaria; had issue
Ferdinand 14 June 152924 January 1595 Married Philippine Welser; had issue; married his niece Anne Juliana Gonzaga; had issue
Maria 15 May 153111 December 1581 Married Wilhelm, Duke of Jülich-Cleves-Berg; had issue
Magdalena 14 August 153210 September 1590 A nun
Catherine 15 September 153328 February 1572 Married King Sigismund II Augustus of Poland; no issue
Eleanor 2 November 15345 August 1594 Married William I, Duke of Mantua; had issue
Margaret 16 February 153612 March 1567 A nun
John 10 April 153820 March 1539 Died in childhood
Barbara 30 April 153919 September 1572 Married Alfonso II d'Este; no issue
Charles 3 June 154010 July 1590 Married his niece Maria Anna of Bavaria; had issue (including Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor)
Ursula 24 July 154130 April 1543 Died in childhood
Helena 7 January 15435 March 1574 A nun
Joanna 24 January 154710 April 1578 Married Francesco I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany; had issue

Ancestors
16. Algirdas, Grand Duke of Lithuania[2]
8. Vladislaus II Jagiellon[3]
17. Uliana of Tver[2]
4. Casimir IV Jagiellon[4]
18. Andrew Ivanovich of Halshany[5]
9. Sophia of Halshany[3]
19. Alexandra Dmitrievna of Drutsk[5]
2. Vladislaus II of Bohemia and Hungary
20. Albert IV, Duke of Austria[6]
10. Albert II, King of the Romans[7]
21. Joanna Sophia of Bavaria[6]
5. Elisabeth of Austria[4]
22. Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor[8]
11. Elizabeth of Luxembourg[7]
23. Barbara of Cilli[8]
1. Anne of Bohemia and Hungary
24.Gaston I of Foix-Grailly[9]
12. John de Foix, 1st Earl of Kendal[9]
25. Marguerite of Albret[9]
6. Gaston de Foix, Count of Candale[9]
26. Sir Thomas Kerdeston[10]
13. Margaret Kerdeston[9]
27. Elizabeth de la Pole[10]
3. Anne of Foix-Candale
28. John I, Count of Foix[11]
14. Gaston IV, Count of Foix[9]
29. Jeanne d'Albret[11]
7. Catherine of Foix[9]
30. John II of Aragon[12]
15. Eleanor of Navarre[9]
31. Blanche I of Navarre[12]

References
  1. Previte-Orton 1962, p. 922.
  2. Potašenko, Grigorijus (2008), Multinational Lithuania: history of ethnic minorities, Šviesa, p. 30, ISBN 9785430052508
  3. Casimir IV, King of Poland at the Encyclopædia Britannica
  4. Priebatsch, Felix (1908), "Wladislaw II.", Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB) (in German), 54, Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot, pp. 688–696
  5. Duczmal, Małgorzata (2012). Jogailaičiai (PDF) (in Lithuanian). Translated by Mikalonienė, Birutė; Jarutis, Vyturys. Vilnius: Mokslo ir enciklopedijų leidybos centras. p. 30. ISBN 978-5-420-01703-6. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 14 November 2018.
  6. Quirin, Heinz (1953), "Albrecht II.", Neue Deutsche Biographie (NDB) (in German), 1, Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, p. 154; (full text online)
  7. Wurzbach, Constantin, von, ed. (1860). "Habsburg, Elisabeth von Oesterreich (Königin von Polen)" . Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich [Biographical Encyclopedia of the Austrian Empire] (in German). 6. p. 167 – via Wikisource.
  8. Wagner, Hans (1959), "Elisabeth", Neue Deutsche Biographie (NDB) (in German), 4, Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, p. 441; (full text online)
  9. Noubel, P., ed. (1877). Revue de l'Agenais [Review of the Agenais]. 4. Société académique d'Agen. pp. 496–497.
  10. Thompson, Neil D.; Hansen, Charles M. (2012). The Ancestry of Charles II, King of England. pp. 58–63.
  11. Courteault, Henri (1895). Gaston IV, comte de Foix, vicomte souverain de Béarn, prince de Navarre, 1423–1472 (in French). É. Privat. p. 23.
  12. Ward, A. W.; Prothero, G. W.; Leathes, Stanley, eds. (1911). The Cambridge Modern History. Macmillan Company. p. 80.

Sources
  • Previte-Orton, C.W. (1962). The Shorter Cambridge Medieval History. II. Cambridge at the University Press.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)

Media related to Anna of Bohemia and Hungary at Wikimedia Commons

Anne of Bohemia and Hungary
Cadet branch of the House of Gediminid
Born: 23 July 1503 Died: 27 January 1547
Royal titles
Preceded by
Isabella of Portugal		 Queen consort of Germany
1531–1547
with Isabella of Portugal (1531–1539)		 Succeeded by
Maria of Austria
Preceded by
Maria of Austria		 Queen consort of Bohemia and Hungary
1526–1547
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