Anahilla
Anahilla (IAST: Aṇahilla, r. c. 1024-1055 CE) was an Indian king belonging to the Naddula Chahamana dynasty. He ruled the area around Naddula (present-day Nadol in Rajasthan). He defeated the Chaulukya king Bhima I, defeated a general of the Paramara king Bhoja, and also defended his territory against the Ghaznavids.
| Anahilla | |
|---|---|
| King of Naddula | |
| Reign | c. 1024-1055 CE |
| Predecessor | Ahila |
| Successor | Balaprasada |
| Dynasty | Chahamanas of Naddula |
| Father | Mahindu |
Early life
Anahilla was a son of the Chahamana king Mahindu. His brother Ashvapala succeeded Mahindu.[1] Ashvapala's son Ahila probably died heirless, because of which Anahilla became the next king.[1]
Military career
According to the Sundha Hill inscription, Anahilla defeated Bhima, captured Shakambhari, killed Bhoja's general Sadha, and defeated the Turushkas.[2]
Bhima, the Chaulukya king of Gujarat, was a southern neighbour of the Chahamanas. According to the Chahamana record, Anahilla's father Ahila had also defeated Bhima.[2]
It is not clear when and how Anahilla took control of Shakambhari, which was the capital of the Chahamanas of Shakambhari. According to the epic poem Prithviraja Vijaya, the Paramara king Bhoja killed the Shakambhari Chahamana king Viryarama.[2] Historian Dasharatha Sharma theorizes that the Paramaras occupied Shakambhari after Viryarama's death, and were evicted by his successor Chamundaraja with help from Anahilla.[3] On the other hand, R. B. Singh speculates that Anahilla and Bhoja formed an alliance against Viryarama; sometime later, the alliance broke, and Anahilla killed Bhoja's general Sadha.[4]
The Turushkas (Turkic people) can be identified with the Muslim Ghaznavids. The Ghaznavid ruler Mahmud invaded India around 1025 CE, and raided the Somanath Hindu temple. According to the 16th-century historian Firishta, some Hindu kings including Param Dev (identified with Paramara Bhoja[5][6]) assembled a large army to attack him during his return journey. However, Mahmud chose to avoid a conflict, and returned using a different route. R. B. Singh theorizes that Anahilla was a part of the confederacy that planned to fight with Mahmud. The Chahamana claim of Anahilla having defeated the Turushkas probably refers to this event.[7] On the other hand, Dasharatha Sharma speculates that the Ghaznavid army passed through Nadol on its way to Somanath; Anahilla defended Naddula by fighting with Mahmud or one of his generals.[8]
According to an inscription, the Naddula Chahamana kingdom comprised only 700 villages at the time of Anahilla's ascension. He increased this number to 7,000 by killing the neighbouring rulers. While this may be an exaggeration, it indicates that Anahilla was one of the most successful rulers of his dynasty.[8]
Anahilla was succeeded by his elder son Balaprasada, who was succeeded by his younger son Jendraraja.[9]
References
- R. B. Singh 1964, p. 242.
- R. B. Singh 1964, p. 243.
- Dasharatha Sharma 1959, pp. 34-35.
- R. B. Singh 1964, pp. 243-244.
- Krishna Narain Seth 1978, pp. 163-165.
- Mahesh Singh 1984, pp. 61-62.
- R. B. Singh 1964, p. 244.
- Dasharatha Sharma 1959, p. 126.
- Dasharatha Sharma 1959, p. 127.
Bibliography
- Dasharatha Sharma (1959). Early Chauhān Dynasties. S. Chand / Motilal Banarsidass. ISBN 9780842606189.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Krishna Narain Seth (1978). The Growth of the Paramara Power in Malwa. Progress. OCLC 8931757.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Mahesh Singh (1984). Bhoja Paramāra and His Times. Bharatiya Vidya Prakashan. OCLC 11786897.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- R. B. Singh (1964). History of the Chāhamānas. N. Kishore. OCLC 11038728.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)