Akatziri
The Akatziri or Akatzirs (Greek: Άκατίροι, Άκατζίροι, Akatiroi, Akatziroi;[1] Latin: Acatziri) were a tribe that lived north of the Black Sea, west of Crimea.[2] Jordanes (fl. 551) called them a mighty people, not agriculturalists but cattle-breeders and hunters.[3] Their ethnicity is undetermined: the 5th-century historian Priscus describes them as ethnic (ethnos) Scythians, but they are also referred to as Huns (Akatiri Hunni[1]). Their name has also been connected to the Agathyrsi.[1] [3] They were also hypothesized to be a Turkic tribe, their ethnonym connected to Turkic ağaç eri, "woodman".[3] or *Aq Qazir "White Khazars" [4]. However, Peter B. Golden further remarked that: " Neither of these theses has been firmly grounded in anything beyond phonetic resemblance";[5] and the other hypothesis that Akatziri were ancestors of the Khazars is not backed up by any solid evidence[6]
Roman emperor Theodosius II (r. 402–450) sent an envoy to the Akatziri trying to detach them from their alliance with the Hunnic ruler Attila (435–453),[7] an effort made to stir up fighting which also ensued.[8] In 447 or 448 the Huns successfully campaigned against the Akatziri.[9] In 448 or 449, as Priscus recounts "Onegesius along with the eldest of Attila's children, had been sent to the Akateri, a Scythian people, whom he was bringing into an alliance with Attila".[10] As the Akatziri tribes and clans were ruled by different leaders, emperor Theodosius II tried with gifts to spread animosity among them, but the gifts were not delivered according to rank, Karadach (Kouridachos), warned and called Attila against fellow leaders.[11] So Attila did, Kardach stayed with his tribe or clan in own territory, while the rest of the Akatziri became subjected to Attila.[11] Attila's son Ellac was installed as ruler of the Akatziri.[9] They were absorbed by the Saragurs in the 460s.[3]
See also
References
- Robert Gordon Latham (1860). Opuscula. Essays Chiefly Philological and Ethnographical. William & Norgate. pp. 176–.
- Blockley 1992, p. 73.
- Sinor 1990, p. 191.
- Henning 1952, p. 502-506.
- Golden 2011, p. 136.
- Kevin Alan Brook (27 September 2006). The Jews of Khazaria. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. pp. 10–. ISBN 978-1-4422-0302-0.
- Blockley 1992, p. 65.
- Blockley 1992, p. 140.
- Sinor 1997, p. 336.
- Given 2015, p. 55.
- Given 2015, p. 56.
Sources
- Blockley, R. C. (1992). East Roman Foreign Policy: Formation and Conduct from Diocletian to Anastasius. Cairns. ISBN 978-0-905205-83-0.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Given, John P. (2015). The Fragmentary History of Priscus: Attila, the Huns and the Roman Empire, AD 430–476. Arx Publishing. ISBN 9781935228141.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Henning, W. B. (1952). "A Farewell to the Khagan of the Aq-Aqatärān". Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies vol. 14 no. 3: 501–522.
- Sinor, Denis (1990). The Cambridge History of Early Inner Asia. Cambridge University Press. pp. 191–. ISBN 978-0-521-24304-9.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Sinor, Denis (1997). Studies in Medieval Inner Asia. Ashgate. ISBN 978-0-86078-632-0.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Golden, Peter B. (2011). Hriban, Cǎtǎlin (ed.). Studies on the Peoples and Cultures of the Eurasian Steppes.