536
Year 536 (Roman numerals: DXXXVI) was a leap year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the "Year after the Consulship of Belisarius," or, less frequently, "year 1289 Ab urbe condita." The denomination 536 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.
| Millennium: | 1st millennium |
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| 536 by topic |
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| Leaders |
| Categories |
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| Gregorian calendar | 536 DXXXVI |
| Ab urbe condita | 1289 |
| Assyrian calendar | 5286 |
| Balinese saka calendar | 457–458 |
| Bengali calendar | −57 |
| Berber calendar | 1486 |
| Buddhist calendar | 1080 |
| Burmese calendar | −102 |
| Byzantine calendar | 6044–6045 |
| Chinese calendar | 乙卯年 (Wood Rabbit) 3232 or 3172 — to — 丙辰年 (Fire Dragon) 3233 or 3173 |
| Coptic calendar | 252–253 |
| Discordian calendar | 1702 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 528–529 |
| Hebrew calendar | 4296–4297 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 592–593 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 457–458 |
| - Kali Yuga | 3636–3637 |
| Holocene calendar | 10536 |
| Iranian calendar | 86 BP – 85 BP |
| Islamic calendar | 89 BH – 88 BH |
| Javanese calendar | 423–424 |
| Julian calendar | 536 DXXXVI |
| Korean calendar | 2869 |
| Minguo calendar | 1376 before ROC 民前1376年 |
| Nanakshahi calendar | −932 |
| Seleucid era | 847/848 AG |
| Thai solar calendar | 1078–1079 |
| Tibetan calendar | 阴木兔年 (female Wood-Rabbit) 662 or 281 or −491 — to — 阳火龙年 (male Fire-Dragon) 663 or 282 or −490 |
Pope Agapetus I (535–536)
In 2018, a medieval scholar nominated 536 as "the worst year to be alive" because of a volcanic eruption, possibly in Iceland, early in the year, that caused average temperatures in Europe and China to decline and resulted in crop failures and famine for well over a year.[1] Other researchers have noted additional adverse events during that year, including a mysterious fog, possibly due to the volcanic eruption.[2][3]
Events
By place
Byzantine Empire
- Spring – Emperor Justinian I appoints his cousin Germanus as magister militum to deal with the crisis in Africa. He sends a mobile force of comitatenses (mostly cavalry) and an elite guard. Solomon returns to Constantinople.[4]
- Summer – Gothic War: Belisarius crosses the Strait of Messina and invades Italy. He conquers the city of Rhegium and advances to Naples.
- October – Siege of Naples: Belisarius captures Naples after a month's siege, by sending troops into the city through an abandoned Roman aqueduct.
- December 9 – Belisarius enters Rome through the Asinarian Gate; the Gothic garrison (4,000 men) flee the capital. He sends an urgent request for reinforcements to Justinian I, meanwhile preparing Rome for a siege by bringing in great quantities of food and other supplies.[5]
- Winter – Belisarius sets up his headquarters on the Pincian Hill and repairs the neglected city walls of Rome. He stations a 5,000-man garrison, of whom half are his personal bodyguard (bucellarii). To hold parts of the city, he recruits 20,000 young Romans to man the walls.
Europe
- Early in 536 – A volcanic eruption in Iceland blankets much of the Northern Hemisphere in clouds and ash, and dims the sun for 18 months.[1]
- March – King Theodahad cedes Provence and upper Alamannia to the Franks gaining their support in the war. He sends a large Gothic army into Dalmatia. They defeat the Byzantines, Mundus is killed during the fighting at Salona, and the Byzantine army withdraws.[6]
- Summer – Constantinianus, magister militum per Illyricum, retakes Dalmatia. The Goths abandon Salona and withdraw to the north. The Byzantines rebuild its walls and reclaim the province.[7]
- Vitiges deposes his rival Theodahad at Ravenna and marries Matasuntha (daughter of queen Amalasuntha). He becomes king of the Ostrogoths and assembles an army to fight against Belisarius.
Africa
Asia
- Senka succeeds his brother Ankan as the 28th emperor of Japan.
- Snow reportedly falls in August in China, which caused the harvest there to be delayed.[8]
By topic
Religion
- April 22 – Pope Agapetus I dies in Constantinople after a reign of just ten months. He is succeeded by Silverius as the 58th pope.
- Anthimus I is deposed as patriarch of Constantinople, in favour of Menas.
- The Little Hagia Sophia in Constantinople (begun in 527) is completed.
Meteorology
- Extreme weather events of 535–536, thought to have been caused by an extensive veil of dust in the atmosphere, begin in the Northern Hemisphere. They continue until the following year, causing unseasonal weather and crop failure worldwide.[n 1] It is possible this was caused by the eruption of Ilopango or a volcano in Iceland.
Births
- Evagrius Scholasticus, Syrian church historian (or 537)
- Li Ezi, Chinese empress of Northern Zhou (d. 588)
- Venantius Fortunatus, Merovingian bishop (approximate date)
Deaths
- April 22 – Pope Agapetus I
- Ankan, emperor of Japan
- Mundus, Byzantine general (killed in battle)
- Theodahad, king of the Ostrogoths (assassinated)
Notes and references
Notes
- Famine is described as "U536.3, Failure of bread" in the Annals of Ulster.[9]
References
- Gibbons, Ann (November 15, 2018). "Why 536 was 'the worst year to be alive". Science. Retrieved November 16, 2018.
- Forgotten global ‘cataclysm’ that killed millions in 6th century is ‘virtually unheard of’. By Harry Pettit, Senior Digital Technology and Science Reporter | The Sun. May 22, 2019.
- Vikings may have predicted climate change on ancient stone carving.By Chris Ciaccia, Fox News, via nypost.com, January 21, 2020.
- Bury, 1958 & p. 143–144
- Bury (1923), Ch. XVIII, p. 180
- Bury (1923), Vol. II, Ch. XVIII, p. 174
- Procopius, De Bello Gothico I.VII
- Ochoa, George; Jennifer Hoffman; Tina Tin (2005). Climate: the force that shapes our world and the future of life on earth. Emmaus, Pennsylvania: Rodale. p. 71. ISBN 978-1-59486-288-5.
- Bambury, Beechinor 2000, pp. U536.3.
Secondary sources
- Bambury, Pádraig; Beechinor, Stephen (2000). "The Annals of Ulster" (Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2000) ed.). CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
External links
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