2014 World Touring Car Championship

The 2014 FIA World Touring Car Championship was a motor racing competition organised by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA) for Super 2000 Cars.[1] It was the eleventh FIA World Touring Car Championship, and the tenth since the series was revived in 2005.

2014 World Touring Car Championship
World Drivers' Champion:
José María López
World Manufacturers' Champion:
Citroën
Previous: 2013 Next: 2015
With ten victories during 2014, José María López won the Drivers' Championship by 126 points, ahead of his nearest challenger, Yvan Muller.
For its first participation to the WTCC, Citroën won the Manufacturers' Championship with the Citroën C-Elysée WTCC, with 17 wins out of 23 races (74% of victories).

After making a race-winning début on home soil during the 2013 campaign, Argentina's José María López won the drivers' championship after performing strongest during the season.[2] Driving for the Citroën team, López won ten races during the season, significantly more than team-mates Yvan Muller – the defending series champion – and Sébastien Loeb, who was in his first season in the championship. López finished all but one race during the season, with his only retirement coming during the second race in Russia,[3] and finished the season 126 points clear of his next closest challenger, which was Muller. Muller took four victories during the season, all coming from pole position. Loeb finished a further 41 points behind Muller, taking a pair of victories, in Morocco and the only race in Slovakia.

Only one other driver won more than one race, as Robert Huff won the first races for Lada Sport in the World Touring Car Championship. Huff won the second races in Beijing and Macau; his win in the latter was his seventh at the circuit,[4] over the previous seven years. Single race winners during 2014 were Gabriele Tarquini (Japan), Tom Chilton (Beijing), Gianni Morbidelli (Hungary), Mehdi Bennani (Shanghai) and Ma Qing Hua in Russia. Morbidelli's win was his first in the series, while the victories for Bennani and Ma were the first in FIA competition for their respective countries, Morocco and China.[3][5]

Citroën dominated the manufacturers' championship, taking a total of 17 overall wins out of the 23 races. The marque finished almost 300 points clear of Honda, who finished in second position. In the TC2-only Yokohama Drivers' Trophy, Franz Engstler finished well clear of the field in his final WTCC season before moving to the TCR International Series. Engstler achieved 20 victories and a pair of second places from 23 starts, and finished 90 points clear of closest rival John Filippi, who won the second race in Japan. The other race winners were Pasquale Di Sabatino in Hungary, and ETCC regular Petr Fulín, who won the race in Slovakia. In the Yokohama Teams' Trophy for non-manufacturer teams, ROAL Motorsport, with Chilton and Tom Coronel as its drivers, finished 91 points clear of the single-car team of Zengő Motorsport and driver Norbert Michelisz. The Yokohama Performer of the Year award went to López, taking the most fastest laps of the season, with eleven.

Teams and drivers
Defending champion Yvan Muller placed second in the Drivers' Championship, winning four races.
In his rookie season in the championship, Sébastien Loeb placed third with two race victories.

For the 2014 season, the series' technical regulations were altered. Cars built to the 2014 specifications were classified as "TC1", whilst cars built prior to 2014 were classified as "TC2".[6]

Team Car No. Drivers Rounds
TC1 entries
Citroën Total WTCC[7] Citroën C-Elysée WTCC 1 Yvan Muller[8] All
9 Sébastien Loeb[7] All
33 Ma Qing Hua[9] 6–7, 9–10, 12
37 José María López[10] All
Castrol Honda World Touring Car Team[11] Honda Civic WTCC 2 Gabriele Tarquini[12] All
18 Tiago Monteiro[12] All
Lada Sport Lukoil[13]
Lada Sport[14][N 1]		 Lada Granta 1.6T 11 James Thompson[13] All
12 Robert Huff[15] All
14 Mikhail Kozlovskiy[15] All
Independent TC1 entries
ROAL Motorsport[16] Chevrolet RML Cruze TC1[16] 3 Tom Chilton[16][17] All
4 Tom Coronel[16] All
Zengő Motorsport[18] Honda Civic WTCC 5 Norbert Michelisz[18] All
Campos Racing[19] Chevrolet RML Cruze TC1[19] 7 Hugo Valente[19] All
74 Pepe Oriola[20] 12
98 Dušan Borković[21] 1–11
ALL-INKL.COM Münnich Motorsport[22][23] Chevrolet RML Cruze TC1[23] 10 Gianni Morbidelli[23] All
77 René Münnich[22] All
Proteam Racing[24] Honda Civic WTCC 25 Mehdi Bennani[24] All
TC2 entries
Liqui Moly Team Engstler[25] BMW 320 TC 6 Franz Engstler[25] All
8 Pasquale Di Sabatino[26] 1–7
15 Camilo Echevarría[27] 8
26 Felipe De Souza[28] 9–12
Campos Racing[29][30] SEAT León WTCC 19 Henry Kwong[31] 11–12
22 Petr Fulín[32] 1, 4
27 John Filippi[33] All
38 William Lok[34] 10, 12
50 Nikita Misiulia[35] 6
55 Norbert Nagy[36][37] 7
80 Michael Soong[38][39] 9
RPM Racing Team BMW 320 TC 44 Mak Ka Lok[28] 12
NIKA Racing[40] Honda Civic WTCC 99 Yukinori Taniguchi[41] 3

Team changes

Driver changes

Regulation changes

The sporting and technical regulations were approved by the FIA, at the July 2013 meeting of the World Motor Sport Council:[43]

Sporting regulations
  • Race distances were fixed at 60 kilometres (37 miles), and all races utilised a standing start.
  • Qualifying was held in three parts, with the top five going into Q3.
  • The balance of performance—introducing various waivers and differentiated base weights of the cars to equalise the field— but compensation weights were used once again.

Technical regulations

The series introduced a raft of changes to the technical regulations for the 2014 season. The cars were still built to Super 2000 regulations, but with significant changes compared to the 2011 generation of cars. The minimum weight of the cars was reduced from 1,150 kilograms (2,540 pounds) to 1,100 kilograms (2,400 pounds), and was accompanied by an increase in the power output of the engine, which rose to 380 bhp, an increase of between 50 and 60 bhp depending on the engine being used. The size of the wheels being used increased to 18", with MacPherson strut suspension being introduced to all cars. The dimensions of the cars changed, with a maximum width of 1,950 mm (77 in), and a 100 mm (3.9 in) front splitter. Changes to the aerodynamic package allowed teams to use flat floors, and introduce single-plane rear wings that were allowed, but to be no higher than the roof of the car.

Calendar

The provisional 2014 schedule was announced on 4 November 2013. The season was once again contested over twenty-four races at twelve circuits.

Rnd. Race Race Name Circuit Date
1 1 Race of Morocco Circuit International Automobile Moulay El Hassan 13 April
2
2 3 JVC Kenwood Race of France Circuit Paul Ricard 20 April
4
3 5 Race of Hungary Hungaroring 4 May
6
4 7 Race of Slovakia Automotodróm Slovakia Ring 11 May
8
5 9 Race of Austria Salzburgring 25 May
10
6 11 Lukoil Race of Russia Moscow Raceway 8 June
12
7 13 Race of Belgium Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps 22 June
14
8 15 Race of Argentina Autódromo Termas de Río Hondo 3 August
16
9 17 Race of Beijing[49] Goldenport Park Circuit 5 October
18
10 19 Race of Shanghai Shanghai International Circuit 12 October
20
11 21 JVC Kenwood Race of Japan Suzuka Circuit 26 October
22
12 23 Guia Race of Macau Guia Circuit 16 November
24

Calendar changes

Results and standings

Races
Yvan Muller and his Citroën C-Elysée WTCC. As the most competitive car, the Citroën C-Elysée WTCC got a maximum of 60 kg ballast during the whole season.
The Citroën Racing/Total team won the Manufacturer title five races before the end of the season, with a Citroën C-Elysée WTCC 1-2-3-4 at the race of Shanghaï (from left to right: Yves Matton director of Citroën Racing, Ma Qing Hua, J-M López, Yvan Muller and Franz Engstler for 'TC2')

Compensation weights

The most competitive cars keep a 60 kg compensation weight. The other cars get a lower one, calculated according to their results for the three previous rounds. The less the cars get some good results, the less they get a compensation weight, from 0 kg to 60 kg. The compensation weights were introduced starting from the third round.

During the whole season, the Citroën C-Elysée was the reference car with the best races results and so was handicapped by a 60 kg compensation weight to limit its performances, as well as during the qualifications than during the races.

Car Hungaroring Slovakia Ring Salzburgring Moscow Spa-Francorchamps Termas de Río Hondo Beijing Shanghai Suzuka Macau
Citroën C-Elysée WTCC +60 kg +60 kg +60 kg +60 kg +60 kg +60 kg +60 kg +60 kg +60 kg +60 kg
Honda Civic WTCC 0 kg 0 kg 0 kg +20 kg +20 kg +20 kg +30 kg +20 kg +30 kg +30 kg
Chevrolet RML Cruze TC1 0 kg 0 kg 0 kg +20 kg +20 kg +40 kg +20 kg +40 kg +30 kg +40 kg
Lada Granta 1.6T 0 kg 0 kg 0 kg 0 kg 0 kg 0 kg 0 kg 0 kg 0 kg 0 kg

Results
Race Race Name Pole Position Fastest lap Winning driver Winning team Winning manufacturer TC2 winner Report
1 Race of Morocco José María López Sébastien Loeb José María López Citroën Total WTCC Citroën Franz Engstler Report
2 José María López Sébastien Loeb Citroën Total WTCC Citroën Franz Engstler
3 Race of France Yvan Muller[N 2] Yvan Muller Yvan Muller Citroën Total WTCC Citroën Franz Engstler Report
4 José María López José María López Citroën Total WTCC Citroën Franz Engstler
5 Race of Hungary Yvan Muller Yvan Muller Yvan Muller Citroën Total WTCC Citroën Pasquale Di Sabatino Report
6 Tiago Monteiro Gianni Morbidelli Münnich Motorsport Chevrolet Franz Engstler
7 Race of Slovakia José María López Sébastien Loeb Sébastien Loeb Citroën Total WTCC Citroën Petr Fulín Report
8 Race cancelled
9 Race of Austria Gianni Morbidelli[N 3] José María López Yvan Muller Citroën Total WTCC Citroën Franz Engstler Report
10 José María López José María López Citroën Total WTCC Citroën Franz Engstler
11 Race of Russia José María López José María López José María López Citroën Total WTCC Citroën Franz Engstler Report
12 Hugo Valente Ma Qing Hua Citroën Total WTCC Citroën Franz Engstler
13 Race of Belgium Yvan Muller Yvan Muller Yvan Muller Citroën Total WTCC Citroën Franz Engstler Report
14 José María López José María López Citroën Total WTCC Citroën Franz Engstler
15 Race of Argentina José María López José María López José María López Citroën Total WTCC Citroën Franz Engstler Report
16 José María López José María López Citroën Total WTCC Citroën Franz Engstler
17 Race of China, Beijing Tom Chilton Tom Chilton Tom Chilton ROAL Motorsport Chevrolet Franz Engstler Report
18 José María López Robert Huff Lada Sport Lada Franz Engstler
19 Race of China, Shanghai José María López Ma Qing Hua José María López Citroën Total WTCC Citroën Franz Engstler Report
20 Gabriele Tarquini Mehdi Bennani Proteam Racing Honda Franz Engstler
21 Race of Japan José María López José María López José María López Citroën Total WTCC Citroën Franz Engstler Report
22 Gabriele Tarquini Gabriele Tarquini Castrol Honda WTC Team Honda John Filippi
23 Guia Race of Macau José María López José María López José María López Citroën Total WTCC Citroën Franz Engstler Report
24 Robert Huff Robert Huff Lada Sport Lada Franz Engstler

Championship standings

Drivers' Championship
Pos. Driver MAR
 FRA
 HUN
 SVK
 AUT
 RUS
 BEL
 ARG
 CHN1
 CHN2
 JPN
 MAC
  Pts. 
1 José María López 11 2 4 1 22 6 21 C 35 1 11 Ret 23 1 11 1 34 4 11 3 11 6 11 5 462
2 Yvan Muller 34 Ret 11 2 11 5 103 C 12 Ret 4 2 11 2 32 3 23 9 33 Ret Ret2 5 53 2 336
3 Sébastien Loeb 22 1 2 6 73 9 12 C 43 7 34 5 32 5 43 6 5 3 45 12 33 7 62 6 295
4 Norbert Michelisz 9 DNS 74 8 6 10 34 C 9 4 9 7 7 7 24 7 6 5 54 4 4 3 24 4 201
5 Tiago Monteiro 5 10† 8 3 34 2 7 C 5 3 73 Ret 6 4 55 5 Ret 13 7 2 9 9 4 16† 186
6 Gabriele Tarquini DNS DNS 32 4 45 8 8 C 8 2 22 Ret 85 8 8 4 16†2 10 6 Ret 6 1 3 DNS 182
7 Tom Coronel Ret Ret WD WD 8 4 4 C 24 5 8 4 5 3 11 10 17† 2 8 6 7 4 75 8 159
8 Tom Chilton 43 4 95 15 13 7 5 C 6 Ret 55 6 10 10 6 Ret 11 8 Ret 7 24 10 12 7 150
9 Gianni Morbidelli 15 6 11 9 9 1 65 C 101 6 12 8 4 6 12 13 45 7 11 13 10 8 10 Ret 109
10 Robert Huff Ret Ret 5 11 11 12 9 C 12 Ret 10 Ret 16 13 7 2 8 1 15† Ret 12 11 9 1 93
11 Mehdi Bennani 7 DSQ 13 5 5 DNS 14 C 7 8 11 3 13 11 9 8 9 Ret 10 1 11 Ret 19† DNS 85
12 Hugo Valente 8 3 63 10 10 3 11 C NC Ret Ret 9 124 9 Ret Ret 12 11 9 8 55 Ret NC 3 85
13 Ma Qing Hua 6 1 11 Ret 15† 12 22 5 8 Ret 69
14 Dušan Borković 65 Ret 14 7 12 11 12 C Ret Ret Ret 11 9 Ret Ret DSQ Ret DNS 12 9 8 2 41
15 James Thompson 10 DNS 10 13 DSQ DSQ DSQ C 13 Ret 14 12 17 15 10 9 7 6 Ret 10 13 12 11 9 22
16 Mikhail Kozlovskiy 11 5 15 14 Ret Ret Ret C 14 10 15 Ret 14 12 14 11 11 DNS Ret 11 14 13 13 Ret 11
17 Franz Engstler 12 7 16 16 15 14 16 C 15 11 16 13 18 16 15 14 10 14 13 14 15 Ret 14 10 8
18 John Filippi 14 8 18 Ret 16 16 18† C 16 13 18 15 19 19 16 15† 13 15 14 15 16 14 16 12 4
19 René Münnich Ret Ret 12 12 18 13 13 C 11 9 13 10 15 14 13 12 Ret DNS 17† Ret NC 16 15 11 3
20 Pasquale Di Sabatino 13 9 17 17 14 15 17 C 17 12 17 14 21 17 2
 — Felipe De Souza 14 Ret 16 16 Ret 15 17 13 0
 — Mak Ka Lok 18 14 0
 — Henry Kwong 17 NC DSQ 15 0
 — Petr Fulín DNS DNS 15 C 0
 — Camilo Echevarría 17 16 0
 — Nikita Misiulia Ret 16 0
 — Yukinori Taniguchi 17 17 0
 — Norbert Nagy 20 18 0
 — William Lok Ret DNS Ret DNS 0
 — Michael Soong DNS DNS 0
 — Pepe Oriola DNS DNS 0
Pos. Driver MAR
 FRA
 HUN
 SVK
 AUT
 RUS
 BEL
 ARG
 CHN1
 CHN2
 JPN
 MAC
  Pts. 
ColourResult
GoldWinner
Silver2nd place
Bronze3rd place
GreenPoints finish
BlueNon-points finish
Non-classified finish (NC)
PurpleRetired (Ret)
RedDid not qualify (DNQ)
Did not pre-qualify (DNPQ)
BlackDisqualified (DSQ)
WhiteDid not start (DNS)
Withdrew (WD)
Race cancelled (C)
Blank Did not participate (DNP)
Excluded (EX)

Bold – Pole
Italics – Fastest Lap

† – Drivers did not finish the race, but were classified as they completed over 75% of the race distance.

Manufacturers' Championship
Pos. Manufacturer MAR
 FRA
 HUN
 SVK
 AUT
 RUS
 BEL
 ARG
 CHN1
 CHN2
 JPN
 MAC
  Pts. 
1 Citroën 11 1 11 1 11 5 11 C 11 1 11 1 11 1 11 1 22 3 11 3 11 5 11 2 1003
22 2 2 2 22 6 22 C 32 7 34 2 22 2 32 3 33 4 22 5 32 6 52 5
2 Honda 53 10† 32 3 33 2 33 C 53 2 22 3 63 4 23 4 61 5 53 1 43 1 23 4 710
74 DNS 73 4 44 8 74 C 74 3 73 7 74 7 54 5 94 10 64 2 64 3 34 16†
3 Lada 105 5 54 11 115 12 95 C 125 10 105 12 145 12 75 2 75 1 15†5 10 125 11 95 1 425
11 Ret 105 13 Ret Ret Ret C 13 Ret 14 Ret 16 13 10 9 8 6 Ret 11 13 12 11 9
Pos. Manufacturer MAR
 FRA
 HUN
 SVK
 AUT
 RUS
 BEL
 ARG
 CHN1
 CHN2
 JPN
 MAC
  Pts. 
Franz Engstler won the Yokohama Drivers' Trophy

Yokohama Trophies

World Touring Car Championship promoter Eurosport Events organised the Yokohama Drivers' Trophy and the Yokohama Teams' Trophy within the 2014 FIA World Touring Car Championship.

Yokohama Drivers' Trophy

All TC2 entries were eligible for the Yokohama Drivers' Trophy.

Pos. Driver MAR
 FRA
 HUN
 SVK
 AUT
 RUS
 BEL
 ARG
 CHN1
 CHN2
 JPN
 MAC
  Pts. 
1 Franz Engstler 12 7 16 16 15 14 16 C 15 11 16 13 18 16 15 14 10 14 13 14 15 Ret 14 10 269
2 John Filippi 14 8 18 Ret 16 16 18† C 16 13 18 15 19 19 16 15† 13 15 14 15 16 14 16 12 175
3 Pasquale Di Sabatino 13 9 17 17 14 15 17 C 17 12 17 14 21 17 98
4 Felipe De Souza 14 Ret 16 16 Ret 15 17 13 38
5 Camilo Echevarría 17 16 12
6 Norbert Nagy 20 18 12
7 Henry Kwong 17 NC DSQ 15 10
8 Petr Fulín DNS DNS 15 C 10
9 Mak Ka Lok 18 14 10
10 Yukinori Taniguchi 17 17 10
11 Nikita Misiulia Ret 16 5
 — William Lok Ret DNS Ret DNS 0
 — Michael Soong DNS DNS 0
Pos. Driver MAR
 FRA
 HUN
 SVK
 AUT
 RUS
 BEL
 ARG
 CHN1
 CHN2
 JPN
 MAC
  Pts. 
ColourResult
GoldWinner
Silver2nd place
Bronze3rd place
GreenPoints finish
BlueNon-points finish
Non-classified finish (NC)
PurpleRetired (Ret)
RedDid not qualify (DNQ)
Did not pre-qualify (DNPQ)
BlackDisqualified (DSQ)
WhiteDid not start (DNS)
Withdrew (WD)
Race cancelled (C)
Blank Did not participate (DNP)
Excluded (EX)

Bold – Pole
Italics – Fastest Lap

Yokohama Teams' Trophy

All non-manufacturer teams were eligible to score points towards the Yokohama Teams' Trophy.

Pos. Team MAR
 FRA
 HUN
 SVK
 AUT
 RUS
 BEL
 ARG
 CHN1
 CHN2
 JPN
 MAC
  Pts. 
1 ROAL Motorsport 4 4 9 15 8 4 4 C 2 5 5 4 5 3 6 10 1 2 8 6 2 4 7 7 255
Ret Ret WD WD 13 7 5 C 6 Ret 8 6 10 10 11 Ret 17† 8 Ret 7 7 10 12 8
2 Zengő Motorsport 9 DNS 7 8 6 10 3 C 9 4 9 7 7 7 2 7 6 5 5 4 4 3 2 4 164
3 Campos Racing 6 3 6 7 10 3 11 C 16 13 18 9 9 9 16 15† 12 11 9 8 5 2 16 3 162
8 8 14 10 12 11 12 C NC Ret Ret 11 12 18 Ret Ret 13 15 12 9 8 14 NC 12
4 ALL-INKL.COM Münnich Motorsport 15 6 11 9 9 1 6 C 10 6 12 8 4 6 12 12 4 7 11 13 10 8 10 11 156
Ret Ret 12 12 18 13 13 C 11 9 13 10 15 14 13 13 Ret DNS 17† Ret NC 16 15 Ret
5 Proteam Racing 7 DSQ 13 5 5 DNS 14 C 7 8 11 3 13 11 9 8 9 Ret 10 1 11 Ret 19† DNS 97
6 Liqui Moly Team Engstler 12 7 16 16 14 14 16 C 15 11 16 13 18 16 15 14 10 14 13 14 15 15 14 10 59
13 9 17 17 15 15 17 C 17 12 17 14 21 17 17 16 14 Ret 16 16 Ret Ret 17 13
 — RPM Racing Team 18 14 0
 — NIKA Racing 17 17 0
Pos. Team MAR
 FRA
 HUN
 SVK
 AUT
 RUS
 BEL
 ARG
 CHN1
 CHN2
 JPN
 MAC
  Pts. 

† – Drivers did not finish the race, but were classified as they completed over 75% of the race distance.

Yokohama Performer of the year
Pos. Driver FL
1 José María López 11
2 Yvan Muller 3
3 Sébastien Loeb 2
Gabriele Tarquini 2
4 Tom Chilton 1
Ma Qing Hua 1
Robert Huff 1
Tiago Monteiro 1
Hugo Valente 1
Eurosport Asia Trophy
Pos. Driver CHN1
 CHN2
 JPN
 MAC
  Pts. 
1 Felipe De Souza 14 Ret 16 16 Ret 15 17 13 60
2 Mak Ka Lok 18 14 16
3 Henry Kwong 17 NC DSQ 15 16
— William Lok Ret DNS Ret DNS 0
— Michael Soong DNS DNS 0
Pos. Driver CHN1
 CHN2
 JPN
 MAC
  Pts. 

Footnotes
  1. The team was renamed Lada Sport from the Race of Beijing onwards following Lukoil's decision to terminate sponsorship with immediate effect.[14]
  2. Sébastien Loeb had claimed his first career pole by setting the fastest time, ahead of team-mates José María López and Yvan Muller.[50] Loeb and López eventually lost their front row positions and their qualifying points after the automatic fuel cut-off system did not function correctly in scrutineering on their respective cars. Both drivers started the two races from the back of the grid and Muller was promoted to pole.[51]
  3. Gianni Morbidelli had claimed his first career pole and the first of the season for a non-Citroën car by setting the fastest time, ahead of Yvan Muller and Sébastien Loeb.[52] Morbidelli eventually received a five place penalty for improving his time under yellow flag during Q1 but was entitled to keep the five championship points for pole position.[53]

References
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  2. "Standings – Drivers' Championship". World Touring Car Championship. Kigema Sport Organisation. Archived (PDF) from the original on 28 November 2014. Retrieved 9 December 2014.
  3. "Race 2 – Ma writes motorsport history". World Touring Car Championship. Kigema Sport Organisation. 8 June 2014. Archived from the original on 29 November 2014. Retrieved 13 December 2014.
  4. "Race 2 – Huff is the King of Macau". FIA.com. Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile. 16 November 2014. Retrieved 13 December 2014.
  5. "Bennani overwhelmed by first WTCC win". Crash.net. Crash Media Group. 13 October 2014. Retrieved 13 December 2014. Mehdi Bennani says he feels like he is 'living in a dream' as he became the first Moroccan to win a world championship motorsport event with victory in Shanghai.
  6. Hudson, Neil (20 November 2013). "Dušan Borković to step up to the WTCC in 2014". TouringCarTimes. Mediaempire Stockholm AB. Retrieved 20 November 2013.
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  9. Hudson, Neil (28 February 2014). "Ma Qing Hua confirmed as Citroën Racing's fourth driver". TouringCarTimes. Mediaempire Stockholm AB. Retrieved 28 February 2014.
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  25. "TWO BMW CARS FOR TEAM ENGSTLER". World Touring Car Championship. Kigema Sport Organisation. 18 March 2014. Archived from the original on 18 March 2014. Retrieved 18 March 2014.
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  38. Bailey, Richard (1 October 2014). "WTCC: Soong to race at Goldenport". RichardsF1.com. RichardsF1.com. Archived from the original on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 1 October 2014.
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