1937 in Australian literature

• Martin Boyd – The Picnic
• Eleanor Dark – Sun Across the Sky
• M. Barnard Eldershaw – Plaque with Laurel
• Arthur Gask – Night of the Storm
• Ion Idriess – Forty Fathoms Deep
• Michael Innes – Hamlet, Revenge!
• Seaforth Mackenzie – The Young Desire It
• Leonard Mann – A Murder in Sydney
• Vance Palmer – Legend for Sanderson
• Katharine Susannah Prichard – Intimate Strangers
• Helen Simpson – Under Capricorn
• Arthur Upfield – Winds of Evil

• Rosemary Dobson – Poems
• Jack Lindsay – "On Guard for Spain"
• John Shaw Neilson – "I Spoke to the Violet"

• Sumner Locke Elliott
  • The Cow Jumped Over the Moon
  • Glorious Noon
• Miles Franklin – No Family
• T. Inglis Moore – Best Australian One-Act Plays complied with William Moore
• Katharine Susannah Prichard – Women of Spain

A list, ordered by date of birth (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of births in 1937 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of death.

• 19 February – Lee Harding, novelist
• 1 June – Colleen McCullough, novelist (died 2015)

Unknown date

• Philip Hammial – poet

A list, ordered by date of death (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of deaths in 1937 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of birth.

• 15 March – Catherine Edith Macauley Martin, novelist (born 1848)

• 1937 in poetry
• List of years in literature
• List of years in Australian literature