1781 in music

	… 1771; 1772; 1773; 1774; 1775; 1776; 1777; ; 1778; 1779; 1780; 1781; 1782; 1783; 1784; ; 1785; 1786; 1787; 1788; 1789; 1790; 1791 …;
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Events

March – Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart moves to Vienna to pursue his career, but is passed over in favour of Antonio Salieri as music teacher of Princess of Württemberg.
June 27 – Mozart writes of his new pupil and admirer, Josepha Barbara Auernhammer: "I am almost every day after dinner at H: v: Auernhammer – The freulle is a monster!"
Christian Gottlob Neefe takes on the young Ludwig van Beethoven as a pupil.
July 29 – Mozart receives the original libretto of his next opera, Die Entführung aus dem Serail from the director of the Nationalsingspiel, Gottlieb Stephanie.
October 12 – First bagpipes competition in the Masonic Arms, Falkirk, Scotland.
Étienne Méhul makes his first, unsuccessful attempts at orchestral composition.

Samuel Arnold – 6 Overtures in Eight Parts, Op. 8
Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach
- 6 Fugues, Wq.119/2-7
- Geistliche Gesänge, Book 2 Wq. 198, H. 752
Johann Christian Bach – Sonata for Keyboard Duet, W.A 19 (Op. 18, No. 5)
William Billings – The Psalm-Singer's Amusement
Luigi Boccherini
- 6 String Quartets, G.201–206 (Op. 32)
- Stabat Mater, G.532
Carl Ditters von Dittersdorf – Symphonies after Ovid's Metamorphoses, Kr.73–84
Joseph Haydn
- Symphony No.75 in D major, Hob.I:75
- String Quartet in C major, Hob.III:39
- Horn Concerto No.2 in D major, Hob.VIId:4 (could be by Michael Haydn)
- 24 Lieder, Hob.XXVIa:1–24
- Six String Quartets, Op. 33
Leopold Kozeluch – Sonata for Keyboard in F, "La chasse", Op. 5
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
- 6 Variations on "Hélas, j'ai perdu mon amant", K.360/374b
- Serenade in B-flat major, Gran Partita (or possibly 1782), K. 361
- Misera, dove son!, K.369
- Rondo in E-flat major, K.371
- Serenade in E-flat major, K.375
- Violin Sonata in F major, K.376/374d
- Violin Sonata in F major, K.377/374e
- Violin Sonata in G major, K.379/373a
- Violin Sonata in E-flat major, K.380/374f
- Sonata for 2 Pianos in D major, K.448/375a
Giovanni Paisiello – Concerto for Keyboard No. 1 in C major
Antonio Rosetti – 6 Flute Concerti
Charlotte Amelie Sachsen-Gotha-Altenburg – Canzonette fürs Klavier mit Veränderungen
Samuel Wesley – Concerto for Violin No. 2 in D major
Paul Wranitzky – Sinfonie Périodique No.2 in C minor (op. 11)

Marmaduke Overend – A Brief Account of, and an Introduction to, 8 Lectures in the Science of Music
Christoph Benjamin Schmidtchen – Kurzgefaßte Anfangsgründe auf das Clavier für Anfänger

January 22 – François Antoine Habeneck, violinist and conductor (died 1849)
March 11 – Anthony Philip Heinrich, composer (died 1861)
March 18 – Gustave Vogt, composer and oboist (died 1870)
May 24 – Louis-François Dauprat, French composer (died 1868)
July 20 – Sophie Lebrun, pianist and composer, daughter of Ludwig August Lebrun (died 1863)
July 27 – Mauro Giuliani, guitarist, cellist and composer (died 1829)
September 1 – Antoine Romagnesi (composer and publisher (died 1850)
September 5 – Anton Diabelli, music publisher, editor and composer (died 1858)
September 6 – Vincent Novello, organist and conductor (died 1861)
November 18 – Felice Blangini, organist and composer (died 1841)
December 1 – Charles Philippe Lafont, violinist and composer (died 1839)

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