1533 in literature

• October – The censors of the Collège de Sorbonne stigmatize François Rabelais' Pantagruel as obscene.

Uncertain date

• French poet Maurice Sceve announces that he has found the tomb of "Laura", the woman who is the subject of so many poems by Petrarch, at the church of Santa Croce in Avignon, further strengthening French interest in the Italian poet.[1]

• January 2 – Johann Major, German poet and theologian (died 1600)
• January 3 – Jerónimo Bautista Lanuza, Spanish friar, bishop and homiletic writer (died 1624)
• June 6 – Bernardino Baldi, Italian mathematician, polymath and writer (died 1617)
• August 7 – Alonso de Ercilla, Spanish soldier and poet (died 1594)

Uncertain dates

• Eknath, Marathi language religious poet in the Hindu tradition of India (died 1599)
• Elazar ben Moshe Azikri, Jewish kabbalist, poet and writer (died 1600)
• Andrea Rapicio, Italian poet writing in Latin (died 1573)[2]
• Sun Kehong (孫克弘), Chinese landscape painter, calligrapher and poet (died 1611)

Perhaps 1534

• Lucas Janszoon Waghenaer, Dutch cartographer (died 1606)

• July 6 – Ludovico Ariosto, Italian poet also writing Latin verse (born 1474)
• November 6 or 11 – Pieter Gillis, Flemish humanist, printer and Antwerp city official (born 1486)

Uncertain date

• Giovanni Francesco Pico della Mirandola, Italian philosopher writing in Latin (born 1470)

• The main action of Peter Shaffer's drama The Royal Hunt of the Sun (1964) is set around this year.