Zheng Guanying

Zheng Guanying
Traditional Chinese 鄭觀應
Simplified Chinese 郑观应
Zheng Guanying
Native name 鄭觀應
Born (1842-07-24)July 24, 1842
Died 1922
Nationality Qing dynasty Qing Empire
Occupation Merchant reformer
author
Known for Chinese nationalist
republican advocate
Zheng Guanying

Zheng Guanying or Cheng Kuan-ying (1842-1922 or 1923) was a Chinese reformist active in the late Qing Dynasty.[1] He was a proponent of fighting economic dominance by Western countries of China[2] through economic nationalism, of parliamentary representative democracy, and of women's rights.[3]

Zheng in the 1920s

History

Mandarin's House

His family members resided in Macau,[4] but his birthplace was Xiangshan, Guangdong;[1] today this is the Yongmo area of Sanxiang, Zhongshan. He lived in the Mandarin's House in São Lourenço, Macau.[4]

He made a career as a comprador after moving to Shanghai at 16 years of age;[1] he previously took and failed the xiucai imperial examinations at that age;[5] he ultimately never passed any such examinations.[1] He first worked for Overweg and Company, a British firm,[5] and later for Butterfield & Swire.[1] Initially he used his funds to buy official titles. In 1879 he became a circuit intendant or daotai as an award for his community service, and he received other titles due to his service work.[6] He took night classes on the English language at the Anglo-Chinese School.[1] He began his own firm after turning 41.[1] He went back to Macau in late 1886.[4]

His employment background differed from those of other Chinese reformers of that era;[1] others had academic or government backgrounds.[3]

Works

In the early 1870s he published essays about politics.[6]

Words of Warning to a Prosperous Age (盛世危言 shèngshì wēiyán) was published in 1893.[6]

Travels to the South, a travel log, was the result of his 1884 intelligence-gathering mission in French Indochina.[1]

Legacy and scholarship

Zheng's writings had an extraordinary influence, both in his own time and in later decades. Among those who acknowledge his inspiration were Mao Zedong,[7] and Lu Xun .[6]

As of 2011 most English-language journal articles discussing Zheng were published in the 1960s, and few English-language books on him existed. Beginning in the 1980s more articles about Zheng were published in Chinese.[8]

Escola Oficial Zheng Guanying, a government school in Macau, was given its current name in 2011.[9] The 160h anniversary of the birth of Zheng was held in Zhongshan in 2002.[8]

References

  • Guo, Wu. Zheng Guanying, Merchant Reformer of Late Qing China and his Influence on Economics, Politics, and Society. Cambria Press. May 28, 2010. ISBN 9781604977059.

Notes

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 "Zheng Guanying 1842-1922/3." Chinese University of Hong Kong. Retrieved on 12 November 2017.
  2. ↑ "Zheng Guanying, Merchant Reformer of Late Qing China and his Influence on Economics, Politics, and Society by Guo Wu ." Cambria Press. Retrieved on 12 November 2017.
  3. 1 2 Guo, Wu, p. 2.
  4. 1 2 3 "Zheng Guanying." Mandarin's House, Cultural Affairs Bureau (Macau). Retrieved on 12 November 2017.
  5. 1 2 Guo, Wu, p. 1.
  6. 1 2 3 4 Davies, Gloria (Monash University). "Fragile Prosperity." China Heritage Quarterly. No. 26, June 2011. Retrieved on 12 November 2017.
  7. ↑ Pantsov, Alexander V.; Levine, Steven I. (2012). Mao: The Real Story. New York and London: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-1-4516-5447-9. , p. 21
  8. 1 2 Guo, Wu, p. 3.
  9. ↑ "Escola Zheng Guanying nega acusações de pais". Jornal Tribuna de Macau. 2016-03-18. Retrieved 2017-08-15. "Confrontada com a polémica da mudança dos directores, Wu Kit disse que desde a transformação da Escola Luso-Chinesa de Tamagnini Barbosa para a Escola Zheng Guanying em 2011,[...]"

Further reading

English:

Chinese:

German:

  • Kehnen, Johannes. Cheng Kuan-Ying – Unternehmer und Reformer der späten Ch'ing-Zeit. Verlag Otto Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden 1975, ISBN 3-447-01716-3.


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