Wendy Barclay

Wendy Barclay
Born Wendy S. Barclay
Residence United Kingdom
Education University of Cambridge (BA) University of Reading (PhD)
Known for Research of influenza virus
Scientific career
Fields Virology
Institutions Imperial College London
Mount Sinai School of Medicine
Thesis The humoral immune response to rhinovirus infection (1988)
Academic advisors David Tyrrell
Influences Peter Palese
Website imperial.ac.uk/people/w.barclay

Wendy S. Barclay is a British virologist and Chair in Influenza Virology at Imperial College London.[1] She leads a team of scientists studying the influenza virus and its physiology and morphology to discover novel vaccines.[2] In particular, they are trying to understand more about influenza virus mutations, and how they can allow scientists to create new vaccines against possible flu pandemics.[2]

Education

Barclay graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree in Natural Sciences from the University of Cambridge in 1988.[3] For a postgraduate study, she conducted medical research at the Common Cold Unit in Salisbury with David Tyrrell for which she was awarded a PhD from the University of Reading in 1988.[4][5] There she was involved in human challenge studies with rhinovirus, to study the virus and its interaction with the human body.[6]

Research and career

After her PhD, Barclay held two postdoctoral research positions. One was with Professor Jeff Almond at the University of Reading, and the other was at Mount Sinai Medical Center in New York with Peter Palese.[5] While at Reading, she learned many molecular virology skills that would help her to form the basis of her research career. At Mount Sinai, she was the first person to modify techniques for recovering recombinant influenza virus from cloned cDNA for the study of type B influenza virus.[3]

Influenza A virus – negative stain image TEM

At the start of her research career, Barclay worked with both rhinoviruses and various types of small RNA viruses.[3] Barclay has worked mainly with the three types of virus: Influenza A virus, Influenzavirus B, and Influenzavirus C.[7] All three belong to the orthomyxoviridae family.[8] Viruses that belong to this family are single stranded (-) RNA viruses that replicate within the nucleus of the host's cells.[8] Influenza types A and B are routinely spread from human to human, and they are responsible for seasonal flu epidemics each year.[7] Influenza type C virus causes mild respiratory infections and are not known to cause epidemics, unlike the other two.[7] Barclay has worked intensively with Influenza A and Influenza B viruses for at least a decade. She has published many articles detailing the importance of understanding how influenza viruses interact with their hosts, understanding their genomic makeup, and understanding how different strains of the two viruses interact with host cells differently.[2]

In addition, she has written articles describing the importance of understanding how some viruses can cross species barriers to prevent another epidemic.[9] In February 2015, CNN posted an article on its webpage that included statements made by Barclay.[10] In it she told of her concerns about another possible flu pandemic, and how, if it ever did happen, it would spread fast and hard.[10]

Barclay has been working on understanding and discovering more information about the relationship between pathogenesis and the influenza virus since her publication in 2006.[11] She is trying to learn more about host range restrictions for the influenza virus, and its transmission between humans and animals.[2] Barclay is also interested in studying influenza virus mutations, which allow scientists to create new vaccines against possible influenza pandemics. She is particularly keen on understanding the resistance mechanisms of antiviral compounds, and characterisation of novel cell substrates and attenuated virus backbones for influenza vaccines.[2]

Notable work

Barclay's most notable work involved looking at cells infected with the influenza A virus and identifying physiological RIG-I agonists.[12] This article was published in Cell in 2010, and has been cited over 270 times. Research gathered for the article explained how one of the human cell's defences against RNA viruses comes in the form of RIG-Is.[12] When a cell is infected with a RNA virus, RIG-I activation triggers an antiviral immune response. However, it was not fully known what part of the virus infection triggers RIG-I activation. Results of this study found that RIG-I activation is caused by the process of viral replication and correspond to full-length virus genomes, or single-stranded RNA viral genomes bearing 5′-triphosphates.[12]

Memberships and editorial boards

  • Committee member, Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunization (Influenza Sub-group), Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunization, Department of Health (DoH), 2008[13]
  • Committee member, Wellcome Trust basic Science Interview Committee[13]
  • Invited Member of panel, The peer review panel for animal work on influenza, Conference on Decision and Control (CDC) 2013, 2013 – 2013[13]
  • ccommittee member, Scientific Programme Committee for Options for Control of Influenza, Options for Control of Influenza Conference, Cape Town, 2013[13]
  • Chair of the Virus Division, The Society For Microbiology, 2013[5]

Barclay has served on several editorial boards including:

Media appearances

References

  1. ↑ Wendy Barclay publications indexed by the Scopus bibliographic database. (subscription required)
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 "Professor Wendy Barclay". Imperial College London. Imperial College. Retrieved 20 May 2015.
  3. 1 2 3 "News and Events". Imperial College London. Imperial College London. Retrieved 3 May 2015.
  4. ↑ Barclay, Wendy S. (1988). The humoral immune response to rhinovirus infection. copac.jisc.ac.uk (PhD thesis). University of Reading. OCLC 499917328. EThOS uk.bl.ethos.383380.
  5. 1 2 3 "Scientific Advisory Board". Stabilitech. Stabilitech. Retrieved 3 May 2015.
  6. ↑ "Speaker: Wendy Barclay". Epidemics. Elsevier. Retrieved 3 May 2015.
  7. 1 2 3 "Types of Influenza Viruses". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved 21 May 2015.
  8. 1 2 Flint, S; Enquist, L; Racaniello, V; Skalka, A (2009). Principles of Virology (3rd ed.). Washington, DC: ASM Press. p. 61. ISBN 978-1-55581-443-4.
  9. ↑ Shelton, H; Stilwell, P; Barclay, W; Roberts, K (August 2012). "Transmission of a 2009 H1N1 Pandemic Influenza Virus Occurs before Fever Is Detected, in the Ferret Model". PLOS One. 7 (8): e43303. Bibcode:2012PLoSO...743303R. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0043303. PMC 3430703. PMID 22952661.
  10. 1 2 Senthilingam, Meera. "Are we ready for the next global epidemic?". CNN. Retrieved 21 May 2015.
  11. ↑ Hayman, A; Comely, S; Lackenby, A; Murphy, S; McCauley, J; Goodbourn, S; Barclay, W (2006). "Variation in the ability of human influenza a viruses to induce and inhibit the IFN-β pathway". Virology. 347 (1): 52–64. doi:10.1016/j.virol.2005.11.024. PMID 16378631.
  12. 1 2 3 Rehwinkel, J; Ping, Choon; Goubau, Delphine; Schulz, Oliver; Pichlmair, Andreas; Bier, Katja; Robb, Nicole; Vreede, Frank; Barclay, Wendy; Fodor, Ervin; Reis, Caetano (5 February 2010). "RIG-I Detects Viral Genomic RNA during Negative-Strand RNA Virus Infection". Cell. 140 (3): 397–408. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2010.01.020. PMID 20144762.
  13. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Professor Wendy Barclay". Imperial College London. Imperial College London. Retrieved 11 May 2015.
  14. 1 2 "Wendy Barclay". IMDb. Retrieved 11 May 2015.
  15. ↑ Al-Khalili, Jim (2018). "Wendy Barclay and the flu virus". BBC.
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