Weapons of the Laotian Civil War

The Laotian Civil War was a military conflict that pitted the guerrilla forces of the Marxist-oriented Pathet Lao against the armed and security forces of the Kingdom of Laos (French: Royaume du Laos), led by the conservative Royal Lao Government, between 1960 and 1975. Main combatants comprised:

To meet the threat represented by the Pathet Lao insurgency, the Laotian Armed Forces depended on a small French military training mission (French: Mission Militaire Française près du Gouvernment Royale du Laos – MMFI-GRL),[1] headed by a general officer, an exceptional arrangement permitted under the 1955 Geneva Accords, as well as covert assistance from the United States in the form of the Programs Evaluation Office (PEO), established on 15 December 1955, replaced in 1961 by the Military Assistance Advisory Group (Laos), which was later changed in September 1962 into the Requirements Office.[2] Between 1962 and 1971, the U.S. provided Laos with direct military assistance, but not including the cost of equipping and training irregular and paramilitary forces by the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA).[3] In addition to U.S. covert support, the FAR received further military assistance from the United Kingdom, Thailand, Burma, the Philippines, the Republic of China (Taiwan), South Vietnam, Indonesia and Australia;

A Auto Defense de Choc (ADC) Hmong guerrilla company assembles at Phou Vieng, Spring 1961.


Royal Lao Armed Forces, FAN and SGUs Equipment

Revolvers

Received from the US Government, used by government officials and military officers.[6]

Colt Cobra .38 Special snub-nose revolver

Pistols

M1911A1 pistol

Submachine guns

M3 submachine gun

Bolt-action rifles

M1903 Springfield

Carbines

M1 Carbine

Battle rifles

M16A1 was the standard Royal Lao Army (RLA) issue assault rifle

Light machine guns

M1918A2 Browning Automatic Rifle

General-purpose machine guns

M60 machine gun

Heavy machine guns

M2HB heavy machine gun

Grenade systems

Rocket systems

Anti-tank rockets

M72 LAW

Grenade launchers

M79 grenade launcher
M203 grenade launcher

Recoilless rifles

Mortars

Brandt Mle 27(31) Mortar
M29 Mortar
M30 Mortar

Howitzers

M101 105mm howitzer
M114 155 mm howitzer
M116 75mm howitzer

Vehicles

M8 Greyhound armoured car
PT-76 light tank

Helicopters

Aircraft

A Royal Lao Air Force (RLAF) T-28D Nomad armed trainer taxies at Long Tieng airfield, September 1972

River craft

Pathet Lao forces Equipment

Pistols

Submachine guns

Carbines

Bolt-action rifles

Type 53 carbine

Sniper rifles

Battle rifles

Type 56 assault rifle

Light machine guns

Type 53 light machine gun

General-purpose machine guns

Heavy machine guns

Type 53 machine gun

Grenade systems

Anti-tank rocket launchers

Type 69 RPG

Grenade launchers

Recoilless rifles

B-10 recoilless rifle

Mortars

Howitzers

M-30 122 mm howitzer (M1938)

Air defense guns

37 mm automatic air defence gun M1939 (61-K)
57 mm AZP S-60

vehicles

BTR-152 APC

Helicopters

Aircraft

River craft

  • River Sampan

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Conboy and McCouaig, The War in Laos 1960-75 (1989), pp. 24; 33.
  2. ↑ Ahern, Undercover Armies: CIA and Surrogate Warfare in Laos (2006), pp. 52; 55.
  3. ↑ Castle, At War in the Shadow of Vietnam (1993), pp. 9-12; 15-19.
  4. ↑ Conboy and McCouaig, The War in Laos 1960–75 (1989), p. 5.
  5. ↑ Conboy and Morrison, Shadow War: The CIA's Secret War in Laos (1995), pp. 97–99.
  6. ↑ Conboy and McCouaig, The War in Laos 1960-75 (1989), p. 15.
  7. ↑ Conboy and McCouaig, The War in Laos 1960-75 (1989), p. 38.
  8. ↑ Conboy and McCouaig, The War in Laos 1960-75 (1989), p. 12.
  9. ↑ Conboy and McCouaig, The War in Laos 1960-75 (1989), p. 36.
  10. ↑ Conboy and McCouaig, The War in Laos 1960-75 (1989), p. 46.
  11. ↑ Conboy and McCouaig, South-East Asian Special Forces (1991), p. 8.
  12. ↑ Conboy and Greer, War in Laos 1954–1975 (1994), p. 3.
  13. ↑ Conboy and McCouaig, The War in Laos 1960-75 (1989), p. 15.
  14. ↑ Conboy and Greer, War in Laos 1954–1975 (1994), pp. 10; 18.
  15. ↑ Conboy and McCouaig, The War in Laos 1960-75 (1989), p. 38.
  16. ↑ Conboy and Greer, War in Laos 1954–1975 (1994), p. 9.
  17. ↑ Conboy and McCouaig, The War in Laos 1960-75 (1989), pp. 15-21.
  18. ↑ Conboy and McCouaig, South-East Asian Special Forces (1991), p. 8.
  19. ↑ Conboy and McCouaig, The War in Laos 1960-75 (1989), pp. 15-21.
  20. ↑ Conboy and Greer, War in Laos 1954–1975 (1994), p. 59.
  21. ↑ Conboy and Greer, War in Laos 1954–1975 (1994), p. 18.
  22. ↑ Conboy and Greer, War in Laos 1954–1975 (1994), p. 34.
  23. ↑ Conboy and Greer, War in Laos 1954–1975 (1994), p. 9.
  24. ↑ Conboy and McCouaig, The War in Laos 1960-75 (1989), pp. 41-42.
  25. ↑ Conboy and Morrison, Shadow War: The CIA's Secret War in Laos (1995), pp. 241-242.
  26. ↑ Conboy and Greer, War in Laos 1954–1975 (1994), p. 39.
  27. ↑ Conboy and McCouaig, The War in Laos 1960-75 (1989), p. 43.
  28. ↑ Conboy and Greer, War in Laos 1954–1975 (1994), p. 59.
  29. ↑ Conboy and Greer, War in Laos 1954–1975 (1994), p. 12.
  30. ↑ Conboy and Greer, War in Laos 1954–1975 (1994), p. 23.
  31. ↑ SIPRI Arms Transfers Database
  32. ↑ SIPRI Arms Transfers Database
  33. ↑ Grandolini, Armor of the Vietnam War (2): Asian Forces (1998), p. 12.
  34. ↑ Zaloga and Laurier, M24 Chaffee Light Tank 1943–85 (2003), p. 22.
  35. ↑ Conboy and McCouaig, The War in Laos 1960-75 (1989), p. 8.
  36. ↑ Conboy and Greer, War in Laos 1954–1975 (1994), p. 34.
  37. ↑ Grandolini, Armor of the Vietnam War (2): Asian Forces (1998), p. 13.
  38. ↑ Conboy and Greer, War in Laos 1954–1975 (1994), p. 18.
  39. ↑ Grandolini, Armor of the Vietnam War (2): Asian Forces (1998), p. 20.
  40. ↑ Conboy and Greer, War in Laos 1954–1975 (1994), p. 18.
  41. ↑ Grandolini, Armor of the Vietnam War (2): Asian Forces (1998), p. 20.
  42. ↑ Conboy and Greer, War in Laos 1954–1975 (1994), pp. 40; 63.
  43. ↑ Conboy and Morrison, Shadow War: The CIA's Secret War in Laos (1995), p. 290.
  44. ↑ Grandolini, Armor of the Vietnam War (2): Asian Forces (1998), p. 13.
  45. ↑ Lathrop, McDonald and Laurier, Cadillac Cage V-100 Commando 1960-71 (2002), p. 38.
  46. ↑ Grandolini, Armor of the Vietnam War (2): Asian Forces (1998), pp. 12; 20.
  47. ↑ Christopher F. Foss, Jane's Tank & Combat Vehicle recognition guide (2002), p. 215.
  48. ↑ Conboy and Greer, War in Laos 1954–1975 (1994), p. 59.
  49. ↑ Conboy and Greer, War in Laos 1954–1975 (1994), pp. 63-64.
  50. ↑ Conboy and McCouaig, The War in Laos 1960-75 (1989), p. 42.
  51. ↑ "World Air Forces 2017". FlightGlobal. 2 December 2016. Retrieved 5 December 2016.
  52. ↑ Conboy and Morrison, Shadow War: The CIA's Secret War in Laos (1995), p. 102 (Notes 2, 9).
  53. ↑ "Royal Lao Air Force Aircraft Types". aeroflight.co.uk. Retrieved 19 December 2016.
  54. ↑ Gunston, An Illustrated Guide to Military Helicopters (1981), p. 62.
  55. ↑ Conboy and McCouaig, The War in Laos 1960-75 (1989), p. 16.
  56. ↑ Conboy and Greer, War in Laos 1954–1975 (1994), p. 32.
  57. ↑ "Royal Lao Air Force Aircraft Types". aeroflight.co.uk. Retrieved 19 December 2016.
  58. ↑ Gunston, An Illustrated Guide to Military Helicopters (1981), p. 82.
  59. ↑ "World Air Forces 1971 pg. 932". flightglobal.com. Retrieved 14 March 2013.
  60. ↑ Gunston, An Illustrated Guide to Military Helicopters (1981), p. 82.
  61. ↑ "Royal Lao Air Force Aircraft Types". aeroflight.co.uk. Retrieved 19 December 2016.
  62. ↑ Krivinyi, World Military Aviation (1977), p. 148.
  63. ↑ "Royal Lao Air Force Aircraft Types". aeroflight.co.uk. Retrieved 19 December 2016.
  64. ↑ Conboy and McCouaig, The War in Laos 1960-75 (1989), p. 15.
  65. ↑ "Royal Lao Air Force Aircraft Types". aeroflight.co.uk. Retrieved 19 December 2016.
  66. ↑ "Royal Lao Air Force Aircraft Types". aeroflight.co.uk. Retrieved 19 December 2016.
  67. ↑ SIPRI Arms Transfers Database
  68. ↑ Taylor and Munson, Jane's Pocket Book of Major Combat Aircraft (1973), p. 179.
  69. ↑ Krivinyi, World Military Aviation (1977), p. 178.
  70. ↑ Andrade, Militair 1982 (1982), p. 146.
  71. ↑ Nalty, Neufeld and Watson, An Illustrated Guide to the Air War over Vietnam (1982), pp. 114-115.
  72. ↑ Fitzsimons, The Defenders: A Comprehensive Guide to Warplanes of the USA (1988), p. 137.
  73. ↑ Conboy and McCouaig, The War in Laos 1960-75 (1989), p. 16.
  74. ↑ Conboy and Greer, War in Laos 1954–1975 (1994), p. 29.
  75. ↑ Davis and Greer, Gunships, A Pictorial History of Spooky (1982), pp. 13-14.
  76. ↑ Conboy and McCouaig, The War in Laos 1960-75 (1989), p. 16.
  77. ↑ Conboy and Greer, War in Laos 1954–1975 (1994), p. 32.
  78. ↑ Conboy and McCouaig, The War in Laos 1960-75 (1989), p. 15.
  79. ↑ "Royal Lao Air Force Aircraft Types". aeroflight.co.uk. Retrieved 19 December 2016.
  80. ↑ "Royal Lao Air Force Aircraft Types". aeroflight.co.uk. Retrieved 19 December 2016.
  81. ↑ Nalty, Neufeld and Watson, An Illustrated Guide to the Air War over Vietnam (1982), pp. 46-49.
  82. ↑ Conboy and McCouaig, The War in Laos 1960-75 (1989), p. 16.
  83. ↑ Conboy and Greer, War in Laos 1954–1975 (1994), p. 32.
  84. ↑ Conboy and Morrison, Shadow War: The CIA's Secret War in Laos (1995), p. 102 (Notes 2, 9).
  85. ↑ "Royal Lao Air Force Aircraft Types". aeroflight.co.uk. Retrieved 19 December 2016.
  86. ↑ SIPRI Arms Transfers Database
  87. ↑ Conboy and Greer, War in Laos 1954–1975 (1994), p. 37.
  88. ↑ Conboy and Greer, War in Laos 1954–1975 (1994), p. 5.
  89. ↑ Conboy and Morrison, Shadow War: The CIA's Secret War in Laos (1995), p. 15.
  90. ↑ Conboy and Greer, War in Laos 1954–1975 (1994), p. 37.
  91. ↑ Churchill, Hit My Smoke: Forward Air Controllers in Southeast Asia (1997), p. 121.
  92. ↑ Nalty, Neufeld and Watson, An Illustrated Guide to the Air War over Vietnam (1982), pp. 36-37.
  93. ↑ Conboy and McCouaig, The War in Laos 1960-75 (1989), p. 16.
  94. ↑ "Royal Lao Air Force Aircraft Types". aeroflight.co.uk. Retrieved 19 December 2016.
  95. ↑ SIPRI Arms Transfers Database
  96. ↑ Conboy and Greer, War in Laos 1954–1975 (1994), p. 3.
  97. ↑ Conboy and Greer, War in Laos 1954–1975 (1994), p. 3.
  98. ↑ Conboy and Greer, War in Laos 1954–1975 (1994), pp. 10; 18.
  99. ↑ Conboy and McCouaig, The War in Laos 1960-75 (1989), p. 15.
  100. ↑ Conboy and Greer, War in Laos 1954–1975 (1994), p. 3.
  101. ↑ Jones, Richard D.; Ness, Leland S., eds. (January 27, 2009). Jane's Infantry Weapons 2009/2010 (35th ed.). Coulsdon: Jane's Information Group. ISBN 978-0-7106-2869-5.
  102. ↑ Conboy and Greer, War in Laos 1954–1975 (1994), p. 45.
  103. ↑ Conboy and Greer, War in Laos 1954–1975 (1994), p. 34.
  104. ↑ Conboy and Greer, War in Laos 1954–1975 (1994), p. 34.
  105. ↑ Conboy and Greer, War in Laos 1954–1975 (1994), p. 34.
  106. ↑ Conboy and Greer, War in Laos 1954–1975 (1994), p. 34.
  107. ↑ Conboy and Greer, War in Laos 1954–1975 (1994), p. 34.
  108. ↑ Conboy and Greer, War in Laos 1954–1975 (1994), p. 45.
  109. ↑ Conboy and Greer, War in Laos 1954–1975 (1994), p. 18.
  110. ↑ Conboy and Greer, War in Laos 1954–1975 (1994), p. 34.
  111. ↑ Grandolini, Armor of the Vietnam War (2): Asian Forces (1998), p. 13.
  112. ↑ Christopher F. Foss, Jane's Tank & Combat Vehicle recognition guide (2002), pp. 76-77.
  113. ↑ SIPRI Arms Transfers Database
  114. ↑ SIPRI Arms Transfers Database
  115. ↑ Christopher F. Foss, Jane's Tank & Combat Vehicle recognition guide (2002), p. 72.
  116. ↑ SIPRI Arms Transfers Database
  117. ↑ Conboy and Greer, War in Laos 1954–1975 (1994), p. 34.
  118. ↑ Christopher F. Foss, Jane's Tank & Combat Vehicle recognition guide (2002), p. 295.
  119. ↑ SIPRI Arms Transfers Database
  120. ↑ Christopher F. Foss, Jane's Tank & Combat Vehicle recognition guide (2002), pp. 386-387.
  121. ↑ Conboy and McCouaig, The War in Laos 1960-75 (1989), p. 21.
  122. ↑ Conboy and McCouaig, The War in Laos 1960-75 (1989), p. 21.
  123. ↑ Conboy and Greer, War in Laos 1954–1975 (1994), p. 30.
  124. ↑ Conboy and Greer, War in Laos 1954–1975 (1994), p. 64.
  125. ↑ Conboy and Morrison, Shadow War: The CIA's Secret War in Laos (1995), p. 102 (Notes 2, 9).
  126. ↑ Conboy and Morrison, Shadow War: The CIA's Secret War in Laos (1995), p. 102 (Notes 2, 9).
  127. ↑ Conboy and Morrison, Shadow War: The CIA's Secret War in Laos (1995), p. 102 (Notes 2, 9).

References

  • Albert Grandolini, Armor of the Vietnam War (2): Asian Forces, Concord Publications, Hong Kong 1998. ISBN 978-9623616225
  • Bernard C. Nalty, Jacob Neufeld and George M. Watson, An Illustrated Guide to the Air War over Vietnam, Salamander Books Ltd, London 1982. ISBN 978-0668053464
  • Bernie Fitzsimons, The Defenders: A Comprehensive Guide to Warplanes of the USA, Aerospace Publishing, London 1988. ISBN 0-8317-2181-2
  • Bill Gunston, An Illustrated Guide to Military Helicopters, Salamander Books Ltd, London 1981. ISBN 978-0861011100
  • Christopher F. Foss, Jane's Tank & Combat Vehicle recognition guide, HarperCollins Publishers, London 2002. ISBN 0-00-712759-6
  • Gordon L. Rottman and Hugh Johnson, Vietnam Riverine Craft 1962-75, New Vanguard series 128, Osprey Publishing Ltd, Oxford 2006. ISBN 9781841769318
  • Ian Hogg, Jane's Guns recognition guide, HarperCollins Publishers, London 2002. ISBN 0-00-712760-X
  • Jan Churchill, Hit My Smoke: Forward Air Controllers in Southeast Asia, Sunflower University Press, Manhattan KS, 1997. ISBN 0-89745-215-1
  • John Andrade, Militair 1982, Aviation Press Limited, London 1982. ISBN 0-907898-01-7
  • John J.H. Taylor and Kenneth Munson, Jane's Pocket Book of Major Combat Aircraft, Collier Books, New York 1973. ISBN 0-7232-3697-6
  • Kenneth Conboy and Simon McCouaig, The War in Laos 1960-75, Men-at-arms series 217, Osprey Publishing Ltd, London 1989. ISBN 9780850459388
  • Kenneth Conboy and Don Greer, War in Laos, 1954-1975, Carrolton, TX: Squadron/Signal Publications, 1994. ISBN 0897473159
  • Kenneth Conboy, Kenneth Bowra, and Simon McCouaig, The NVA and Viet Cong, Elite 38 series, Osprey Publishing Ltd, Oxford 1992. ISBN 9781855321625
  • Kenneth Conboy with James Morrison, Shadow War: The CIA's Secret War in Laos, Boulder CO: Paladin Press, 1995. ISBN 978-1-58160-535-8
  • Nikolaus Krivinyi, World Military Aviation, Arco Publishing Company, New York 1977. ISBN 0-668-04348-2
  • Larry Davis and Don Greer, Gunships, A Pictorial History of Spooky – Specials series (6032), Carrolton, TX: Squadron/Signal Publications, 1982. ISBN 0-89747-123-7
  • Michael Green & Peter Sarson, Armor of the Vietnam War (1): Allied Forces, Concord Publications, Hong Kong 1996. ISBN 962-361-611-2
  • Richard Lathrop, John McDonald and Jim Laurier, Cadillac Cage V-100 Commando 1960-71, New Vanguard series 52, Osprey Publishing Ltd, Oxford 2002. ISBN 1 84176 415 9
  • Steven J. Zaloga and Jim Laurier, M24 Chaffee Light Tank 1943–85, New Vanguard series 77, Osprey Publishing Ltd, Oxford 2003. ISBN 9781841765402
  • Thomas Ahern, Undercover Armies: CIA and Surrogate Warfare in Laos, Center for the Study of Intelligence, Washington D.C. 2006. Classified control no. C05303949.
  • Timothy Castle, At War in the Shadow of Vietnam: United States Military Aid to the Royal Lao Government, 1955–1975, Columbia University Press, 1993. ISBN 978-0-231-07977-8
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