Isotopes of vanadium

Main isotopes of vanadium (23V)
Iso­tope Decay
abun­dance half-life (t1/2) mode pro­duct
48V syn 16 d β+ 48Ti
49V syn 330 d ε 49Ti
50V 0.25% 1.5×1017 y ε 50Ti
β− 50Cr
51V 99.75% stable
Standard atomic weight (Ar, standard)

Naturally occurring vanadium (23V) is composed of one stable isotope 51V and one radioactive isotope 50V with a half-life of 1.5×1017 years. 24 artificial radioisotopes have been characterized (in the range of mass number between 40 and 65) with the most stable being 49V with a half-life of 330 days, and 48V with a half-life of 15.9735 days. All of the remaining radioactive isotopes have half-lives shorter than an hour, the majority of them below 10 seconds, the least stable being 42V with a half-life shorter than 55 nanoseconds, with all of the isotopes lighter than it, and none of the heavier, have unknown half-lives. In 4 isotopes, metastable excited states were found (including 2 metastable states for 60V), which adds up to 5 meta states.

The primary decay mode before the most abundant stable isotope 51V is electron capture. The next most common mode is beta decay. The primary decay products before 51V are element 22 (titanium) isotopes and the primary products after are element 24 (chromium) isotopes.

List of isotopes

nuclide
symbol		 Z(p) N(n)  
isotopic mass (u)
 		 half-life[n 1] decay
mode(s)[2][n 2]		 daughter
isotope(s)[n 3]		 nuclear
spin and
parity		 representative
isotopic
composition
(mole fraction)		 range of natural
variation
(mole fraction)
excitation energy
40V 23 17 40.01109(54)# p 39Ti 2−#
41V 23 18 40.99978(22)# p 40Ti 7/2−#
42V 23 19 41.99123(21)# <55 ns p 41Ti 2−#
43V 23 20 42.98065(25)# 80# ms β+ 43Ti 7/2−#
44V 23 21 43.97411(13) 111(7) ms β+ (>99.9%) 44Ti (2+)
β−, α (<.1%) 40Ca
44mV 270(100)# keV 150(3) ms β+ 44Ti (6+)
45V 23 22 44.965776(18) 547(6) ms β+ 45Ti 7/2−
46V 23 23 45.9602005(11) 422.50(11) ms β+ 46Ti 0+
46mV 801.46(10) keV 1.02(7) ms IT 46V 3+
47V 23 24 46.9549089(9) 32.6(3) min β+ 47Ti 3/2−
48V 23 25 47.9522537(27) 15.9735(25) d β+ 48Ti 4+
49V 23 26 48.9485161(12) 329(3) d EC 49Ti 7/2−
50V[n 4] 23 27 49.9471585(11) 1.4(4)×1017 y β+ (83%) 50Ti 6+ 0.00250(4) 0.002487–0.002502
β− (17%) 50Cr
51V 23 28 50.9439595(11) Stable 7/2− 0.99750(4) 0.997498–0.997513
52V 23 29 51.9447755(11) 3.743(5) min β− 52Cr 3+
53V 23 30 52.944338(3) 1.60(4) min β− 53Cr 7/2−
54V 23 31 53.946440(16) 49.8(5) s β− 54Cr 3+
54mV 108(3) keV 900(500) ns (5+)
55V 23 32 54.94723(11) 6.54(15) s β− 55Cr (7/2−)#
56V 23 33 55.95053(22) 216(4) ms β− (>99.9%) 56Cr (1+)
β−, n 55Cr
57V 23 34 56.95256(25) 0.35(1) s β− (>99.9%) 57Cr (3/2−)
β−, n (<.1%) 56Cr
58V 23 35 57.95683(27) 191(8) ms β− (>99.9%) 58Cr 3+#
β−, n (<.1%) 57Cr
59V 23 36 58.96021(33) 75(7) ms β− (>99.9%) 59Cr 7/2−#
β−, n (<.1%) 58Cr
60V 23 37 59.96503(51) 122(18) ms β− (>99.9%) 60Cr 3+#
β−, n (<.1%) 59Cr
60m1V 0(150)# keV 40(15) ms 1+#
60m2V 101(1) keV >400 ns
61V 23 38 60.96848(43)# 47.0(12) ms β− 61Cr 7/2−#
62V 23 39 61.97378(54)# 33.5(20) ms β− 62Cr 3+#
63V 23 40 62.97755(64)# 17(3) ms β− 63Cr (7/2−)#
64V 23 41 63.98347(75)# 10# ms [>300 ns]
65V 23 42 64.98792(86)# 10# ms 5/2−#
  1. ↑ Bold for isotopes with half-lives longer than the age of the universe (nearly stable)
  2. ↑ Abbreviations:
    EC: Electron capture
    IT: Isomeric transition
  3. ↑ Bold for stable isotopes
  4. ↑ Primordial radionuclide

Notes

  • Geologically exceptional samples are known in which the isotopic composition lies outside the reported range. The uncertainty in the atomic mass may exceed the stated value for such specimens.
  • Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from systematic trends. Spins with weak assignment arguments are enclosed in parentheses.
  • Uncertainties are given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits. Uncertainty values denote one standard deviation, except isotopic composition and standard atomic mass from IUPAC, which use expanded uncertainties.
  • Nuclide masses are given by IUPAP Commission on Symbols, Units, Nomenclature, Atomic Masses and Fundamental Constants (SUNAMCO)
  • Isotope abundances are given by IUPAC Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights (CIAAW)

References

  1. ↑ Meija, J.; et al. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.
  2. ↑ "Universal Nuclide Chart". nucleonica. (Registration required (help)).
  • Isotope masses from:
    • G. Audi; A. H. Wapstra; C. Thibault; J. Blachot; O. Bersillon (2003). "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties" (PDF). Nuclear Physics A. 729 (1): 3–128. Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.692.8504. doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-09-23.
  • Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from:
    • J. R. de Laeter; J. K. Böhlke; P. De Bièvre; H. Hidaka; H. S. Peiser; K. J. R. Rosman; P. D. P. Taylor (2003). "Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 75 (6): 683–800. doi:10.1351/pac200375060683.
    • M. E. Wieser (2006). "Atomic weights of the elements 2005 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 78 (11): 2051–2066. doi:10.1351/pac200678112051. Lay summary.
  • Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from the following sources. See editing notes on this article's talk page.
    • G. Audi; A. H. Wapstra; C. Thibault; J. Blachot; O. Bersillon (2003). "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties" (PDF). Nuclear Physics A. 729 (1): 3–128. Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.692.8504. doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-09-23.
    • National Nuclear Data Center. "NuDat 2.1 database". Brookhaven National Laboratory. Retrieved 23 February 2017.
    • N. E. Holden (2004). "Table of the Isotopes". In D. R. Lide. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.). CRC Press. Section 11. ISBN 978-0-8493-0485-9.
  • History of discovery: A. Shore, A. Fritsch, M. Heim, A. Schuh, M. Thoennessen. Discovery of the Vanadium Isotopes. arXiv:0907.1994 (2009).
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