Isotopes of dysprosium

Naturally occurring dysprosium (₆₆Dy) is composed of 7 stable isotopes, ¹⁵⁶Dy, ¹⁵⁸Dy, ¹⁶⁰Dy, ¹⁶¹Dy, ¹⁶²Dy, ¹⁶³Dy and ¹⁶⁴Dy, with ¹⁶⁴Dy being the most abundant (28.18% natural abundance). Twenty-nine radioisotopes have been characterized, with the most stable being ¹⁵⁴Dy with a half-life of 3.0 million years, ¹⁵⁹Dy with a half-life of 144.4 days, and ¹⁶⁶Dy with a half-life of 81.6 hours. All of the remaining radioactive isotopes have half-lives that are less than 10 hours, and the majority of these have half-lives that are less than 30 seconds. This element also has 12 meta states, with the most stable being ^165mDy (half-life 1.257 minutes), ^147mDy (half-life 55.7 seconds) and ^145mDy (half-life 13.6 seconds).

The primary decay mode before the most abundant stable isotope, ¹⁶⁴Dy, is electron capture, and the primary mode after is beta decay. The primary decay products before ¹⁶⁴Dy are terbium isotopes, and the primary products after are holmium isotopes. Besides, ¹⁶⁴Dy is the heaviest theoretically stable nuclide, all heavier nuclides on the beta-decay stable isobars are theorized to undergo alpha decay.

List of isotopes

nuclide symbol	Z(p)	N(n)	isotopic mass (u)	half-life	decay mode(s)^[2]^{[n 1]}	daughter isotope(s)^{[n 2]}	nuclear spin and parity	representative isotopic composition (mole fraction)	range of natural variation (mole fraction)
nuclide symbol	excitation energy			half-life	decay mode(s)^[2]^{[n 1]}	daughter isotope(s)^{[n 2]}	nuclear spin and parity	representative isotopic composition (mole fraction)	range of natural variation (mole fraction)
¹³⁸Dy	66	72	137.96249(64)#	200# ms			0+
¹³⁹Dy	66	73	138.95954(54)#	600(200) ms			7/2+#
¹⁴⁰Dy	66	74	139.95401(54)#	700# ms	β⁺	¹⁴⁰Tb	0+
^140mDy	2166.1(5) keV			7.0(5) µs			(8−)
¹⁴¹Dy	66	75	140.95135(32)#	0.9(2) s	β⁺	¹⁴¹Tb	(9/2−)
¹⁴¹Dy	66	75	140.95135(32)#	0.9(2) s	β⁺, p (rare)	¹⁴⁰Gd	(9/2−)
¹⁴²Dy	66	76	141.94637(39)#	2.3(3) s	β⁺ (99.94%)	¹⁴²Tb	0+
¹⁴²Dy	66	76	141.94637(39)#	2.3(3) s	β⁺, p (.06%)	¹⁴¹Gd	0+
¹⁴³Dy	66	77	142.94383(21)#	5.6(10) s	β⁺	¹⁴³Tb	(1/2+)
¹⁴³Dy	66	77	142.94383(21)#	5.6(10) s	β⁺, p (rare)	¹⁴²Gd	(1/2+)
^143mDy	310.7(6) keV			3.0(3) s			(11/2−)
¹⁴⁴Dy	66	78	143.93925(3)	9.1(4) s	β⁺	¹⁴⁴Tb	0+
¹⁴⁴Dy	66	78	143.93925(3)	9.1(4) s	β⁺, p (rare)	¹⁴³Gd	0+
¹⁴⁵Dy	66	79	144.93743(5)	9.5(10) s	β⁺	¹⁴⁵Tb	(1/2+)
¹⁴⁵Dy	66	79	144.93743(5)	9.5(10) s	β⁺, p (rare)	¹⁴⁴Gd	(1/2+)
^145mDy	118.2(2) keV			14.1(7) s	β⁺	¹⁴⁵Tb	(11/2−)
¹⁴⁶Dy	66	80	145.932845(29)	33.2(7) s	β⁺	¹⁴⁶Tb	0+
^146mDy	2935.7(6) keV			150(20) ms	IT	¹⁴⁶Dy	(10+)#
¹⁴⁷Dy	66	81	146.931092(21)	40(10) s	β⁺ (99.95%)	¹⁴⁷Tb	1/2+
¹⁴⁷Dy	66	81	146.931092(21)	40(10) s	β⁺, p (.05%)	¹⁴⁶Tb	1/2+
^147m1Dy	750.5(4) keV			55(1) s	β⁺ (65%)	¹⁴⁷Tb	11/2−
^147m1Dy	750.5(4) keV			55(1) s	IT (35%)	¹⁴⁷Dy	11/2−
^147m2Dy	3407.2(8) keV			0.40(1) µs			(27/2−)
¹⁴⁸Dy	66	82	147.927150(11)	3.3(2) min	β⁺	¹⁴⁸Tb	0+
¹⁴⁹Dy	66	83	148.927305(9)	4.20(14) min	β⁺	¹⁴⁹Tb	7/2(−)
^149mDy	2661.1(4) keV			490(15) ms	IT (99.3%)	¹⁴⁹Dy	(27/2−)
^149mDy	2661.1(4) keV			490(15) ms	β⁺ (.7%)	¹⁴⁹Tb	(27/2−)
¹⁵⁰Dy	66	84	149.925585(5)	7.17(5) min	β⁺ (64%)	¹⁵⁰Tb	0+
¹⁵⁰Dy	66	84	149.925585(5)	7.17(5) min	α (36%)	¹⁴⁶Gd	0+
¹⁵¹Dy	66	85	150.926185(4)	17.9(3) min	β⁺ (94.4%)	¹⁵¹Tb	7/2(−)
¹⁵¹Dy	66	85	150.926185(4)	17.9(3) min	α (5.6%)	¹⁴⁷Gd	7/2(−)
¹⁵²Dy	66	86	151.924718(6)	2.38(2) h	EC (99.9%)	¹⁵²Tb	0+
¹⁵²Dy	66	86	151.924718(6)	2.38(2) h	α (.1%)	¹⁴⁸Gd	0+
¹⁵³Dy	66	87	152.925765(5)	6.4(1) h	β⁺ (99.99%)	¹⁵³Tb	7/2(−)
¹⁵³Dy	66	87	152.925765(5)	6.4(1) h	α (.00939%)	¹⁴⁹Gd	7/2(−)
¹⁵⁴Dy	66	88	153.924424(8)	3.0(15)×10⁶ y	α	¹⁵⁰Gd	0+
¹⁵⁴Dy	66	88	153.924424(8)	3.0(15)×10⁶ y	β⁺β⁺ (rare)	¹⁵⁴Gd	0+
¹⁵⁵Dy	66	89	154.925754(13)	9.9(2) h	β⁺	¹⁵⁵Tb	3/2−
^155mDy	234.33(3) keV			6(1) µs			11/2−
¹⁵⁶Dy	66	90	155.924283(7)	Observationally Stable^{[n 3]}			0+	5.6(3)×10⁻⁴
¹⁵⁷Dy	66	91	156.925466(7)	8.14(4) h	β⁺	¹⁵⁷Tb	3/2−
^157m1Dy	161.99(3) keV			1.3(2) µs			9/2+
^157m2Dy	199.38(7) keV			21.6(16) ms	IT	¹⁵⁷Dy	11/2−
¹⁵⁸Dy	66	92	157.924409(4)	Observationally Stable^{[n 4]}			0+	9.5(3)×10⁻⁴
¹⁵⁹Dy	66	93	158.9257392(29)	144.4(2) d	EC	¹⁵⁹Tb	3/2−
^159mDy	352.77(14) keV			122(3) µs			11/2−
¹⁶⁰Dy	66	94	159.9251975(27)	Observationally Stable^{[n 5]}			0+	0.02329(18)
¹⁶¹Dy	66	95	160.9269334(27)	Observationally Stable^{[n 6]}			5/2+	0.18889(42)
¹⁶²Dy	66	96	161.9267984(27)	Observationally Stable^{[n 7]}			0+	0.25475(36)
¹⁶³Dy	66	97	162.9287312(27)	Stable^{[n 8]}^[3]			5/2−	0.24896(42)
¹⁶⁴Dy	66	98	163.9291748(27)	Stable^{[n 9]}			0+	0.28260(54)
¹⁶⁵Dy	66	99	164.9317033(27)	2.334(1) h	β⁻	¹⁶⁵Ho	7/2+
^165mDy	108.160(3) keV			1.257(6) min	IT (97.76%)	¹⁶⁵Dy	1/2−
^165mDy	108.160(3) keV			1.257(6) min	β⁻ (2.24%)	¹⁶⁵Ho	1/2−
¹⁶⁶Dy	66	100	165.9328067(28)	81.6(1) h	β⁻	¹⁶⁶Ho	0+
¹⁶⁷Dy	66	101	166.93566(6)	6.20(8) min	β⁻	¹⁶⁷Ho	(1/2−)
¹⁶⁸Dy	66	102	167.93713(15)	8.7(3) min	β⁻	¹⁶⁸Ho	0+
¹⁶⁹Dy	66	103	168.94031(32)	39(8) s	β⁻	¹⁶⁹Ho	(5/2−)
¹⁷⁰Dy	66	104	169.94239(21)#	30# s	β⁻	¹⁷⁰Ho	0+
¹⁷¹Dy	66	105	170.94620(32)#	6# s	β⁻	¹⁷¹Ho	7/2−#
¹⁷²Dy	66	106	171.94876(43)#	3# s	β⁻	¹⁷²Ho	0+
¹⁷³Dy	66	107	172.95300(54)#	2# s	β⁻	¹⁷³Ho	9/2+#

↑ Abbreviations:
EC: Electron capture
IT: Isomeric transition
↑ Bold for stable isotopes, bold italics for nearly-stable isotopes (half-life longer than the age of the universe)
↑ Believed to undergo α decay to ¹⁵²Gd or β⁺β⁺ decay to ¹⁵⁶Gd with a half-life over 10¹⁸ years
↑ Believed to undergo α decay to ¹⁵⁴Gd or β⁺β⁺ decay to ¹⁵⁸Gd
↑ Believed to undergo α decay to ¹⁵⁶Gd
↑ Believed to undergo α decay to ¹⁵⁷Gd
↑ Believed to undergo α decay to ¹⁵⁸Gd
↑ Can undergo bound-state β⁻ decay to ¹⁶³Ho with a half-life of 47 days when fully ionized
↑ Heaviest theoretically stable nuclide

Notes

Geologically exceptional samples are known in which the isotopic composition lies outside the reported range. The uncertainty in the atomic mass may exceed the stated value for such specimens.
Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from systematic trends. Spins with weak assignment arguments are enclosed in parentheses.
Uncertainties are given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits. Uncertainty values denote one standard deviation, except isotopic composition and standard atomic mass from IUPAC, which use expanded uncertainties.

References

↑ Meija, J.; et al. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.
↑ "Universal Nuclide Chart". nucleonica. (Registration required (help)).
↑ M. Jung; et al. (1992-10-12). "First observation of bound-state β⁻ decay". Physical Review Letters. 69 (15): 2164–2167. Bibcode:1992PhRvL..69.2164J. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.69.2164. PMID 10046415.

Isotope masses from:
- G. Audi; A. H. Wapstra; C. Thibault; J. Blachot; O. Bersillon (2003). "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties" (PDF). Nuclear Physics A. 729: 3–128. Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A. doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-09-23.
Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from:
- J. R. de Laeter; J. K. Böhlke; P. De Bièvre; H. Hidaka; H. S. Peiser; K. J. R. Rosman; P. D. P. Taylorr (2003). "Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 75 (6): 683–800. doi:10.1351/pac200375060683.
- M. E. Wieser (2006). "Atomic weights of the elements 2005 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 78 (11): 2051–2066. doi:10.1351/pac200678112051. Lay summary.
Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from the following sources. See editing notes on this article's talk page.
- G. Audi; A. H. Wapstra; C. Thibault; J. Blachot; O. Bersillon (2003). "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties" (PDF). Nuclear Physics A. 729: 3–128. Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A. doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-09-23.
- National Nuclear Data Center. "NuDat 2.1 database". Brookhaven National Laboratory. Retrieved September 2005. Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
- N. E. Holden (2004). "Table of the Isotopes". In D. R. Lide. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.). CRC Press. Section 11. ISBN 978-0-8493-0485-9.

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

[3] Abbreviations:
EC: Electron capture
IT: Isomeric transition

[4] Bold for stable isotopes, bold italics for nearly-stable isotopes (half-life longer than the age of the universe)

[5] Believed to undergo α decay to ¹⁵²Gd or β⁺β⁺ decay to ¹⁵⁶Gd with a half-life over 10¹⁸ years

[6] Believed to undergo α decay to ¹⁵⁴Gd or β⁺β⁺ decay to ¹⁵⁸Gd

[7] Believed to undergo α decay to ¹⁵⁶Gd

[8] Believed to undergo α decay to ¹⁵⁷Gd

[9] Believed to undergo α decay to ¹⁵⁸Gd

[10] Can undergo bound-state β⁻ decay to ¹⁶³Ho with a half-life of 47 days when fully ionized

[12] Heaviest theoretically stable nuclide

[CIAAW2016-1] Meija, J.; et al. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.

[2] "Universal Nuclide Chart". nucleonica. (Registration required (help)).

[11] M. Jung; et al. (1992-10-12). "First observation of bound-state β⁻ decay". Physical Review Letters. 69 (15): 2164–2167. Bibcode:1992PhRvL..69.2164J. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.69.2164. PMID 10046415.