Valpovo work camp

Valpovo
Work camp
Location of Valpovo within Yugoslavia
Coordinates 45°40′N 18°25′E / 45.66°N 18.42°E / 45.66; 18.42Coordinates: 45°40′N 18°25′E / 45.66°N 18.42°E / 45.66; 18.42
Location Valpovo, PR Croatia, FPR Yugoslavia
Operated by Ministry of the Interior, Zagreb[1]
Original use Arbeitsdienst barracks[2]
Operational May 1945 – May 1946[3]
Inmates Primarily Volksdeutsche
Number of inmates c. 4,000
Killed 1,074 – c. 1,600[4]
Notable inmates Viktor Axmann[5]

The Valpovo work camp (Croatian: Radni logor Valpovo, German: Arbeitslager Walpau) was a camp set up by the communist regime of Yugoslavia for Germans and Austrians in the aftermath of the Second World War. The camp operated from 1945 to 1946.

Germans and Austrians on Croatian territory were considered by the Yugoslav authorities to be collectively guilty for Nazi crimes.[4] With the fall of the Independent State of Croatia in May 1945, camps for Croatian German civilians were formed in Valpovo, Josipovac, and Krndija.[4]

Approximately four thousand people passed through the camp.[6] They were subjected to forced labor, mostly in agriculture.[6] According to the survivors' testimonies, there were no executions at the camp, save for a small number of incidents.[6] However, due to harsh living conditions and lack of food and medical care, prisoners fell victim to disease, particularly during a severe outbreak of epidemic typhus in early 1946.[6][7] From May 1945 to May 1946, 1074 people are known to have died at the camp.[8] The dead were buried in the local cemetery, some of them in unmarked graves.[6]

Upon the closing of the camp in May 1946, the prisoners were either released, transferred to other work camps, or reassigned to forced labor tasks in the Eastern Slavonia and Baranya area.[9]

In 2003, a monument to the camp's victims was raised in Valpovo cemetery. The unveiling was attended by camp survivors, Croatian German officials, politicians and diplomats, and was accompanied by a mass by the bishop of Đakovo-Syrmia Marin Srakić.[7]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Geiger 2007, p. 1086.
  2. ↑ Geiger 2007, p. 1093.
  3. ↑ Geiger 1999, cited in Bijelić 2002, p. 574
  4. 1 2 3 "Sjećanje na dan progona Nijemaca" [Remembrance of the day of the expulsion of Germans]. osijek.hr (in Croatian). City of Osijek. May 12, 2006. Archived from the original on June 9, 2007.
  5. ↑ "Axmann je gradu dao europski izgled". Glas Slavonije (in Croatian). March 2, 2016. Retrieved June 23, 2016.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 Geiger 2007, p. 1094.
  7. 1 2 "Valpovo: otkriven spomenik stradalim njemačkim i austrijskim civilima". Index.hr (in Croatian). HINA. October 4, 2003. Retrieved June 23, 2017.
  8. ↑ Geiger 1999, p. 554.
  9. ↑ Geiger 2007, p. 1094–1095.

Sources

  • Bijelić, Borislav (October 2002). "Vladimir Geiger, Radni logor Valpovo 1945.-1946, Osijek, 1999" (PDF). Scrinia Slavonica (in Croatian). 2 (1): 572–575. Retrieved June 23, 2017.
  • Geiger, Vladimir (1999). Radni logor Valpovo 1945.-1946 (in Croatian). Osijek: Landsmannschaft der Donauschwaben in Kroatien.
  • Geiger, Vladimir (January 2007). "Logori za folksdojčere u Hrvatskoj nakon Drugoga svjetskog rata 1945. - 1947" [Camps for Volksdeutsch in Croatia after the Second World War, 1945 to 1947] (PDF). Časopis za suvremenu povijest (in Croatian). 38 (3): 1081–1100. Retrieved June 23, 2017.
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