United States v. American Tobacco Co.

United States v. American Tobacco Co
Argued January 3–6, 1910
Reargued January 9–12, 1911
Decided May 29, 1911
Full case name United States v. American Tobacco Company
Citations 221 U.S. 106 (more)
31 S. Ct. 632; 55 L. Ed. 663
Prior history Appeals from the Circuit Court of the United States for the Southern District of New York
Holding
The combination in this case is one in restraint of trade and an attempt to monopolize the business of tobacco in interstate commerce within the prohibitions of the Sherman Antitrust Act.
Court membership
Chief Justice
Edward D. White
Associate Justices
John M. Harlan · Joseph McKenna
Oliver W. Holmes Jr. · William R. Day
Horace H. Lurton · Charles E. Hughes
Willis Van Devanter · Joseph R. Lamar
Case opinions
Majority White
Concur/dissent Harlan
Laws applied
Sherman Antitrust Act

United States v. American Tobacco Company, 221 U.S. 106 (1911), was a decision by the United States Supreme Court, which held that the combination in this case is one in restraint of trade and an attempt to monopolize the business of tobacco in interstate commerce within the prohibitions of the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890. The company was split into 4 competitors.

Judgment

The Sherman Antitrust Act was created in 1890, and in 1907 the American Tobacco Company was indicted in violation of it.[1] In 1908 when the Department of Justice filed suit against the company, sixty-five companies and twenty-nine individuals were named in the suit. The Supreme Court ordered the company to dissolve in 1911 on the same day that it ordered the Standard Oil Trust to dissolve.[1] The ruling in United States v. American Tobacco Co. stated that the combination of the tobacco companies “in and of itself, as well as each and all of the elements composing it whether corporate or individual, whether considered collectively or separately [was] in restraint of trade and an attempt to monopolize, and a monopolization within the first and second sections of the Anti-Trust Act.”[2]

Significance

In order to promote market competition, four firms were created from the American Tobacco Company’s assets: American Tobacco Company, R. J. Reynolds, Liggett & Myers, and Lorillard. The monopoly became an oligopoly.[3]

In 1938 Thurman Arnold in the United States Department of Justice Antitrust Division began hosting hearings in the Temporary National Economic Committee to determine whether the four companies were further engaged together in monopolistic practices.[4] That committee found that 3 of the 4 companies were guilty of the charges presented to the court.[4]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 Brandt, Alan M.: The Cigarette Century: The Rise, Fall, and Deadly Persistence of the Product that Defined America, p. 39. Basic Books, 2007
  2. ↑ Jenkins, John Wilber: James B. Duke: Master Builder, p. 153. George H. Doran Company, 1927.
  3. ↑ Brandt, Alan M. (2007). The Cigarette Century: The Rise, Fall, and Deadly Persistence of the Product that Defined America. New York: Basic Books. p. 41. ISBN 9780465070473.
  4. 1 2 Silber, Norman Isaac (1983). Test and protest. New York: Holmes & Meier: Holmes and Meier. pp. 52–53. ISBN 0841907498. , citing
    • Consumer Reports: 229–232. September 1941. Missing or empty |title= (help)
    • U.S. v. American Tobacco Company, et al., Temporary National Economic Committee Monograph, XXI (United States District Court for the Eastern District of Kentucky July 24, 1940).

Further reading

  • Porter, Patrick G. (1969). "Origins of the American Tobacco Company". Business History Review. The President and Fellows of Harvard College. 43 (1): 59–76. doi:10.2307/3111987. JSTOR 3111987.
  • Sobel, Robert (1974). "James Buchanan Duke: Opportunism Is the Spur". The Entrepreneurs: Explorations Within the American Business Tradition. New York: Weybright & Talley. ISBN 0-679-40064-8.
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