Typhlocaris galilea

Typhlocaris galilea
Male. Plate from Calman, 1909
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea
Class: Malacostraca
Order: Decapoda
Infraorder: Caridea
Family: Typhlocarididae
Genus: Typhlocaris
Species: T. galilea
Binomial name
Typhlocaris galilea
Calman, 1909

Typhlocaris galilea is a species of troglobitic shrimp in the genus Typhlocaris, and is endemic to one pool and spring that feeds it, at Tabgha in Israel. The species is critically endangered and a conservation programme has begun.

Description

The relict[1] species was first described in 1909, by William Thomas Calman.[2]

The shrimp are semi-transparent and blind.[3] Adult specimens are approximately 3 inches (7.6 cm) long.[3] Their diet probably consists mainly of a small red tubificid worm, Isochaeta israelis.[4]

Distribution

The shrimp is endemic to one chamber of a Roman cistern, Ein-Nur octagonal pool (the private property of a monastery,[1] at 32°52′25″N 35°32′57″E / 32.8736°N 35.5493°E / 32.8736; 35.5493Coordinates: 32°52′25″N 35°32′57″E / 32.8736°N 35.5493°E / 32.8736; 35.5493), and a warm (27 °C or 81 °F),[5] sulphuric,[5] saline[1] subterranean spring that feeds it, at Tabgha,[6] on the north shore of the Sea of Galilee in Israel.[3][7]

Conservation

The species is now critically endangered, as the extraction of ground water has allowed foreign water into the pool, changing its composition and temperature.[3] It is legally protected (Section 5, paragraphs D and E, of the Fisheries Rules of 1937 as amended).[8]

In 2013, the Israel Nature and Parks Authority approached the Jerusalem Biblical Zoo to develop a captive breeding programme for the species, with a view to later reintroduction.[3]

References

  1. 1 2 3 Henk K. Mienis. "Rediscovery of Heleobia annandalei in the Octogon pool of Tabgha, Israel" (PDF). Tentacle. IUCN/SSC Mollusc Specialist Group. Retrieved May 7, 2013.
  2. ↑ W. T. Calman (1909). "On a blind Prawn from the Sea of Galilee (Typhlocaris galilea, g. et sp. n.)". Transactions of the Linnean Society of London. 2nd ser., Zoology. 11 (5): 93–97. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1909.tb00194.x.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 Karin Kloosterman (May 6, 2013). "Blind shrimp spared from extinction at Bible Zoo in Jerusalem". Green Prophet. Retrieved May 6, 2013.
  4. ↑ Moshe Tsurnamal & Francis Dov Por (1971). "The subterranean fauna associated with the blind palaemonid prawn Typhlocaris galilea Calman" (PDF). International Journal of Speleology. 3 (3/4): 219–223. doi:10.5038/1827-806x.3.3.3. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-03-22.
  5. 1 2 Rivka Gonen (2000). Biblical Holy Places: an Illustrated Guide. Paulist Press. ISBN 080913974X.
  6. ↑ M. Tsurnamal. "Temperature preference of the blind prawn, Typhlocaris galilea Calman (Decapoda, Caridea)". Crustaceana. 34 (3): 225–234. doi:10.1163/156854078x00781. JSTOR 20103277.
  7. ↑ M. Tsurnamal (1978). "The biology and ecology of the blind prawn, Typhlocaris galilea Calman (Decapoda, Caridea)". Crustaceana. 34 (2): 195–213. doi:10.1163/156854078X00736. JSTOR 20103268.
  8. ↑ "Legal analysis of the measures adopted by Mediterranean coastal states to minimize the impact of fishing activities on marine ecosystems and non-target species" (PDF). Regional Activity Centre for Specially Protected Areas. 2003. Retrieved May 7, 2013.

Further reading

  • Annandale, N. (1912). "The blind prawn of Galilee". Nature. 90 (2244): 251. Bibcode:1912Natur..90..251A. doi:10.1038/090251a0.
  • Charles Fransen (2013). "Typhlocaris galilea Calman, 1909". World Register of Marine Species.

See also

  • Ayyalon Cave - a similar ecological niche where a related species lives
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