Types of legal entities in Russia

  • IP (Индивидуальный предприниматель) – Russian "Individual entrepreneur"
  • OOO (Общество с ограниченной ответственностью, ООО) – Russian "Limited liability company"

LLC is set up by one or several persons (legal entities and/or individuals), its charter capital is divided into participatory shares, and LLC participants are not liable for company’s obligations and bear the risk of losses to the extent of the contributions made by them. The number of shareholders may not exceed 50.[1]

  • ZAO (Закрытое акционерное общество, ЗАО) – Russian "Private joint-stock company"

In a PrivJSC shares are distributed only among its founders or another predetermined group of persons. A closed company has the right to conduct a closed subscription to its shares, while the shareholders of a closed company have a pre-emptive right to purchase shares sold by other company shareholders. The number of company’s shareholders should not exceed 50.[2]

  • OAO (Открытое акционерное общество, ОАО) – Russian "Public joint-stock company"

An open company has the right to conduct open subscription to its shares – among an unlimited group of persons and closed subscription (a limited predetermined group of persons), if the opportunity to conduct a closed subscription is not limited by company’s charter or legal acts. Shareholders do not have a pre-emptive right to purchase shares sold by other shareholders of the company. The number of shareholders is unlimited.[2]

  • ANO (Автономная некоммерческая организация, АНО) – Russian "Autonomous non-profit organization"
  • GP or GUP (Государственное унитарное предприятие, ГП or ГУП) – Russian "Unitary state enterprise"
  • Фонд – Russian "Fund"
  • PK (Производственный кооператив, ПK) – Russian "Production Cooperative"
  • PP (Политическая партия, ПП) – Russian "Political party"

References

  1. ↑ «Legal regulation of foreign investments, Grant Thornton // Doing Business in Russia, p.11, 04.2012
  2. 1 2 «Legal regulation of foreign investments, Grant Thornton // Doing Business in Russia, p.13, 04.2012
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