Type B ship

US Navy Water Barge, YW-59, launched August 29, 1941 [1]

The Type B ship is a United States Maritime Administration (MARAD) designation for World War II barges. Barges are very low cost to built, operate and move. Barges were needed to move large bulking cargo. A tug boat could move a barge, then depart and move on to the next task. This meant the barge did not have to be rushed to be unload or loaded. Towards the end of the World War 2, some ships that had not been completed in time for the war were converted to barges. US Navy barges are given the prefix: YWN or YW. Due to shortage of steel during WW2, Concrete Ship Constructors was given contracts to built concrete barge with the prefix YO, YOG, YOGN and some named after elements, built in 1944 and 1945. [2][3][4]

World War II barge types

Steel Barge


  • Built by Union Bridge & Construction Company in Morgan City, LA, Design #1067
  • USSB #2005 Barge
  • USSB #2006 Barge
  • USSB #2007 Barge


  • Built by Nashville Bridge Company in Nashville, TN, Design # 1096
  • USSB #2776 Barge, Tank
  • USSB #2777 Barge, Tank
  • USSB #2778 Barge, Tank
  • USSB #2779 Barge, Tank


YFN-958 a covered lighter barge, non-Self-propelled. Built by Mare Island Navy Shipyard in 1944. Light Displacement 188 tons. Full Displacement 688 tons

Freight Barges -YF - YFN

Most YFN barges were not self-propelled and most YF were self-propelled. A YFN could carry a load of 550 long tons. YFN were near shore with a steel hull. They worked in harbors, rivers and other protected waters. They were 110 foot long, with a 32-foot beam and maximum draft of 8 feet. [5][6]

Refrigerated Freight Barges YFR - YFRN

Most YFRN were not self-propelled and YFR were self-propelled. [7]

Concrete Barge

  • Built by Concrete Ship Constructors in National City, California in 1944 and 1945. These were a type of concrete ship. Steel shortages led the US military to order the construction of small fleets of ocean-going concrete barge and ships. Displacement: 5,636 long tons (5,726 t), full load: 12,910 tons. Length:366 ft 4 in (111.66 m), beam: 54 ft (16 m), draft: 26 ft (7.9 m), crew 52 officers and men. Ship armament 1 to 4 × 40 mm AA gun[8][9][10][11]
  • Type MC B7-A2 tank barges.
  • YOGN-42 Sunk by Japanese submarine I-39[12]
Concrete Barge, US-102, in the Erie Canal
  • YOG-85
  • YO-144
  • YOG-40
  • YOG-41
  • YOG-42
  • YO-145
  • YO-146 Sank in accident July 1957
  • YOG-53
  • YO-159 Sank by Japanese submarine RO-42 off New Hebrides 14 Jan 1944
  • YO-160 Atomic bomb test at Bikini Atoll on 25 Jul 1946
  • YO-161 Sank Eniwetok 29 Nov 1946
  • YO-162
  • YO-163
  • YO-182
  • YO-183
  • YOGN-82 Sunk on June 23, 2018 to form an artificial reef in Powell River, B.C. [13]
  • YO-184 Sank at Eniwetok during typhoon Sep. of 1946
  • YO-185 Sank off Saipan 16 March 1946.
  • YOG-83 Sank in off Kwajalein 16 Sep. 1948.
  • YO-186 Sank at sea off Guam 5 April 1948.
  • YO-187 Lost by grounding off Midway Island in 1957
  • YOG-84 Lost during typhoon at sea off Saipan 14 Nov 1948
  • Type B5-BJ1 B5 covered dry cargo barges. 265 feet long, deadweight 1,632 tons.
WW2 concrete barge at the National Waterways Museum, Ellesmere Port, Cheshire, UK
  • Barium
  • Helium
  • Nitrogen
  • Radium
  • Argon
  • Cadmium
  • Chromium
  • Cobalt
  • Iridium
  • Lithium
  • Magnesium
  • Neon
  • Nickel
  • Phosphorus
  • Sodium
  • Sulphur
  • Tellurium
  • Tungsten
  • Uranium
  • Bismuth
  • Bromide
  • Hydrogen with reefer storage
  • Calcium with reefer storage
  • Antimony with reefer storage
  • Cerium maintenance barges
  • Radon maintenance barges
  • YOGN 104 built by Alabama Dry Dock Mobile AL Ex-C 105, disposed of 1947
  • 1950s Built by Trinity Industries in Nashville TN, 165 feet long, 245 tons.
  • YOGN-110
  • YOGN-111
  • YOGN-112
  • YOGN-113
  • Built by Albina Engine & Machine in Portland OR, 165 feet long, 245 tons.
  • YOGN-114
  • YOGN-115 used to support cooling efforts at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power [14][15]
  • YOGN-116
  • YOGN-117
  • YOGN-118
  • YOGN-119 renamed YON 367, sunk as target 1973
  • YOGN-120 renamed Ex-BG 1165, sunk as target 1978
  • YOGN-121
  • YOGN-122 Ex-BG 8452, scrapped 1986
  • YOGN-123 Ex-BG 6380, YON 252
  • YOGN-124 Ex-BG 6383, struck 2006
  • YOGN-125 Ex-YWN 154, now YON
  • Built by Manitowoc SB in Manitowoc WI, 174 feet long, 440 tons.
  • YOGN-196 renamed Ex-YO 196, sunk as target 2000


Trefoil-class concrete barge

Wood Barge


  • Built by Beaumont Shipbuilder & Dry Dock in Beaumont, TX,
  • Shelbank EFC #2127 later completed as sailing ship Marie F. Cummins, scrapped in 1947
  • Shelby EFC #2128 ater completed as sailing ship Albert D. Cummins, scrapped 1947


  • Built by Coastwise Shipbuilder in Baltimore, MD
  • Catonsville EFC #2141
  • Sherwood EFC #2142
  • Carroll EFC #2143


  • Built by Cobb & Company, F. in Rockland, ME
  • Whitehead EFC #2481


  • Built by Crook, H. E. Baltimore MD
  • Druid Hill EFC #2594
  • Ruxton EFC #2595


  • Built by Crosby Navigation in Richmond, VA
  • Hallowell EFC #2577
  • Richmond EFC #2578

World War I barge types

Many World War I barges were used in World War II, due to the high demand.

Steel

  • Built by American Steel Barge Company in Superior, WI, from 1891 to 1945.[16] [17]
  • YW , YW-1 to YW-132, Water Barge self-propelled
  • Water Barge non-self-propelled
    • YWN-145 (was YW-145)
    • YWN-146 (was YW-146)
    • YWN-147
    • YWN-148 ex YON-187
    • YW-149
    • YW-150
    • YW-151
    • YW-152
    • YWN-153
    • YWN-154
    • YW-155
    • *YWN-156 ex YOGN-116
    • YWN-157 ex YOG-32

Wood

  • Built by Anacortes Shipways in Anacortes, WA in 1918 [18]
  • USSB Barden type# 1001, LDT 2,551,
  • USSB Dacula type# 1001, LDT 2,551,
  • USSB Western Larch I type# B5-G1
  • USSB Western Larch II type# B5-G1
  • USSB Western Larch III type# B5-G1


  • Built by Allen Shipbuilding in Seattle, WA in 1919, Design # 1115[19]
  • USSB Allenhurst type 1115
  • USSB Ahmik type 1115


  • Built by Coastwise Shipbuilding in Baltimore MD in 1919, design # 1067
  • USSB Sherwood
  • USSB Catonsville
  • USSB Carroll


  • Built by Crook, H. E. in Baltimore MD, design # 1067
  • USSB Druid Hill (1919)
  • USSB Ruxton (1920)


  • Built by Crosby Navigation in Richmond VA, design # 1067
  • USSB Hallowell


  • Built by Gildersleeve Shipbuilding in Gildersleeve, CT, Coal Barge, design#115
  • USSB YC 600
  • USSB YC 601
  • USSB YC 602


  • Built by Johnson Shipyards in Mariners Harbor, NY, 1919, design#1067
  • USSB Tompkinsville


  • Built by Machias Shipbuilding in Machias, ME, 1919, design#1067
  • USSB Wellesley
  • USSB Jonesport


  • Built by McEachern Shipbuilding in Astoria, OR, 1920
  • USSB Cabria


  • Built by Meacham & Babcock in Seattle WA, 1919, design#1001
  • USSB Chalois
  • USSB Charnis
  • Built by Midland Bridge in Houston, TX, 1919, design#1067
  • USSB Aransas
  • USSB Matagorda


  • Built by Sloan Shipyards in Anacortes, WA, 1918, design#1001
  • USSB Cabacan
  • USSB Dacula


  • Built by . Johns River Shipyard Co. in Jacksonville, FL, 1919, design#1067
  • USSB Anastasia
  • USSB Daytona
  • USSB Ormond


  • Built by Tacoma Shipbuilding in Tacoma, WA, 1918, design#1001
  • USSB Dione


  • Built by Wright Shipyards in Tacoma WA, 1918, design#1001
  • USSB Endymeon

Notable incidents

  • YOG 42, a gasoline barge, was under tow by Navajo - AT64. Navajo was torpedoed and sank by a Japanese submarine I-39 on 12 September 1943, 150 miles East of Espiritu Santo. YOG 42 adrift was recovered by USS Sioux (AT-75).[20]
  • YO-64 sank due to enemy action in the Philippine in January 1942. [21]
  • YOG 41, YOG 42 and YOG 43 a gasoline barges, sank 22 Feb. 1942 in enemy action in the Philippines.[22]
  • YSP- 44, YSP- 46, YSP- 47, YSP- 48, YSP- 49 salvage barges and the YSR-2, a sludge barge, sank 22 Feb. 1942 in enemy action in the Philippines.[23]
  • YW-50, YW-50 and YW-50 water barges, Sank 24 July 1942 in enemy action in the Philippines.
  • YC-891 sank on 18 April 1945, was it was towed by tug Mauvila (YT-328) off Key West, Florida.
  • USS YOG-76 on 13 November 1969 in Cua Viet Cove, South Vietnam she sank after two underwater explosions hit her. YOG-76 was refloated and taken to Da Nang, South Vietnam, due to severe damage was not repaired.[24]
  • Syncline YO-63 a Bullwheel Class Fuel Oil Barge, Self-propelled, sank in 1972 north of Tahiti. [25]
  • YW-114 a YW-83 Class Self-propelled Water Barge, sank when cargo shifted at Tongass Narrows near Ketchikan, Alaska on 12 August 1989.[26]
  • YF-1079 was grounded and damaged at Buckner Bay, Okinawa, after Typhoon Louise in October 1945. YF-757 also sank in the storm.
  • YON-184 sank at Eniwetok in a typhoon in September 1946. [27]
  • Winifred Sheridan a sea-going coal barge sank with the Mary E. O’Hara a sailing fishing ship after they collided on January 20, 1941 in blinding snowstorm off The Graves Light. [28]
  • Chickamauga barge ran aground the tow steamer Samuel Mitchell at Houghton Point, Lake Superior on May 18 1908 in fog.[29]
  • Dunaj 2 barge sank after hitting a mine in the Sea of Azov on 29 Sep 1943.[30]
  • YC21 barge sank in a storm on 15 November 1968. [31]
  • YCK-8 wood barge sank 2.7 miles off Key West on 12 December 1943. She was under tow by Army tug LT-4.[33]
  • USS YO-156 and USS YO-157 World War II self-propelled fuel oil barges were lost at Sitka, Alaska in May 1945.
  • USS Silica a sclass Trefoil concrete barge was grounded on 9 October 1945 by a Typhoon Louise off Okinawa. [37]

United Kingdom

  • Thames lighters, or dumb barge, were non-self-propelled barges. The original Thames barges are the sailing vessels, many were converted for the war. LB or landing barges were used, some had ramps added and were called LBR or Landing Barge, Ramped. Some had engines and rudder added to be called LBV or Landing Barge Vehicle. They were used for different task: Landing Barges Oiler (LBO), Water (LBW), Kitchen (LBK) and Emergency Repair (LBE), Landing Barges Flak (LBF) and Gun (LBG). There was also one Landing Barge Cable (LBC). Many were used to for supplies to Normandy.[39][40]

Current barge classes

Type B I barge hull is designed to carry products which require the maximum preventive design to ensure no uncontrolled release cargo to the water or atmosphere.

Type B II barge hull. Barge hulls classed as Type II are those designed to carry products which require substantial preventive measures to ensure no uncontrolled release cargo to the water or atmosphere. But if released to the water would not make a long lasting public hazard.

Type B III barge hull. Barge hulls classed as Type III are those designed to move products of minor hazard and thus need less degree of control.[41]

See also

References

  1. ↑ navsource.org YW-59
  2. ↑ militarymuseum.org, Concrete Ship Constructors
  3. ↑ shipbuildinghistory.com, Merchant Ships Barge
  4. ↑ Wooden Ships and Barges
  5. ↑ globalsecurity.org YFN - Steel Covered Lighter
  6. ↑ shipbuildinghistory.com Freight Barges (YF, YFN) and Refrigerated Freight Barges (YFR, YFRN) Built or Acquired Since WWII
  7. ↑ shipbuildinghistory.com, Freight Barges (YF, YFN) and Refrigerated Freight Barges (YFR, YFRN) Built or Acquired During WWII
  8. ↑ shipscribe.com, Concrete Barge
  9. ↑ shipbuildinghistory.com Concrete Ship Constructors
  10. ↑ shipbuildinghistory.com, Gasoline Tankers (YOG) and Barges (YOG and YOGN)
  11. ↑ navsource.org, YO / YON Fuel Barge
  12. ↑ avsource.org, YOGN-42
  13. ↑ navsource.org YOGN-82
  14. ↑ navy.mil, U.S. Navy to Provide 500,000 Gallons of Fresh Water to Fukushima Power Plant, 3/25/2011
  15. ↑ andiegouniontribune.com, US rushes freshwater to help Japan nuclear plant, 3/25/2011
  16. ↑ navsource.org, YW Water Barge
  17. ↑ shipbuildinghistory.com, merican Steel Barge Company
  18. ↑ shipbuildinghistory.com, Anacortes Shipways
  19. ↑ shipbuildinghistory.com, Allen Shipbuilding
  20. ↑ navsource.org, YOG 42
  21. ↑ usspennsylvania.org, Naval Losses
  22. ↑ World War II Wrecks of the Philippines: WWII Shipwrecks of the Philippines, By Tom Bennett
  23. ↑ World War II Wrecks of the Philippines
  24. ↑ navsource.org USS YOG-76
  25. ↑ navsource.org, Syncline YO-63
  26. ↑ navsource.org, YW-114
  27. ↑ navsource.org, YON-184
  28. ↑ graveslightstation.com, Mary E. O’Hara
  29. ↑ Reports of the Department of Commerce and Labor, By United States. Department of Commerce and Labor, page 564
  30. ↑ uboat.net
  31. ↑ scapaflowwrecks.com, YC21
  32. ↑ "Allegheny". Uboat. Retrieved 19 April 2012.
  33. ↑ wrecksite.eu YCK-8
  34. ↑ "Official Chronology of the US Navy in WWII". Ibiblio. Retrieved 4 January 2014.
  35. ↑ The Official Chronology of the U.S. Navy in World War II, By Robert Cressman, YO-159
  36. ↑ "Naval losses WWII". USSPennsylvania.com. Retrieved 5 November 2014.
  37. ↑ "Silica". Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships. Washington, D.C.: Department of the Navy. Retrieved 20 November 2011.
  38. ↑ USS Lignite (IX-162)
  39. ↑ naval-history.net, THAMES LIGHTERS at WAR IN TIME for D-DAY, 6th JUNE 1944
  40. ↑ naval-history.net British Vessels Lost at Sea, 1935-45
  41. ↑ cornell.edu, Barge hull classifications - B


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