Traian Săvulescu

Traian Săvulescu
Born (1889-02-02)February 2, 1889
Died March 29, 1963(1963-03-29) (aged 74)
Bucharest
Nationality Romanian
Alma mater University of Bucharest
Known for founder of the Romanian School of Phytopathology, member and president of the Romanian Academy
Scientific career
Fields Biology, Botany, Mycology
Institutions University of Bucharest
Author abbrev. (botany) Săvul.

Traian Săvulescu (2 February 1889, Râmnicu Sărat – 29 March 1963, Bucharest) was a Romanian biologist and botanist, founder of the Romanian School of Phytopathology, member and president of the Romanian Academy.

Early life and education

The third child of Petrache and Maria Săvulescu, he attended primary school and secondary school in Râmnicu Sărat and the "Costache Negruzzi" College in Iași, where his teacher Teodor Nicolau directed him towards the study of botany.

After graduation in 1907, he enrolled at the Faculty of Medicine in Bucharest. The next year, he enrolled at the University of Bucharest, Faculty of Natural Sciences, from which he graduated in 1912. After graduation, he embarked on a PhD at the Botanic Institute in Bucharest, which he obtained in 1916 with a doctoral thesis entitled Studiul asupra speciilor de Campanula L. din secția Heterophyllae ce cresc în România (Study of the species of Campanula L. in the Heterophyllae growing in Romania). The work was well received and noted with magna cum laude. Traian Săvulescu became the first doctor of botany at the University of Bucharest.

Career

Between 1912 and 1921 he worked at the Botanical Institute of Cotroceni and in 1918 was appointed lecturer at the Department of Plant Morphology and Institute of Systematic Botany in Bucharest. For a quarter of a century, he divided his work between the College of Agriculture at Herăstrău, where he taught Systematics and Phytopathology, and the Plant and the Agricultural Research Institute of Romania, founded by Gheorghe Ionescu-Şişeşti.

He organized a network of warning stations across Romania to combat vine mildew. In 1929 he founded a laboratory for the study of insecticide-fungicide substances, the laboratory subsequently becoming the national Plant Protection Service. He also initiated the first phytosanitation laws and quarantine control in Romania.

In 1928 he founded the academic journal Starea fitosanitară a României (Phytosanitary status of Romania), published annually, which covered matters of plant protection.

On 25 May 1936, Traian Săvulescu became a correspondent member of the Romanian Academy of Sciences.

In June 1938 Săvulescu featured in a documentary film of an expedition in the Danube Delta, exploring the local flora.[1] That same year, he married Alice Aronescu, a colleague who after graduating from Bucharest University, had studied at Columbia University.[2]

Between 29 November 1946 and 30 December 1947, Săvulescu served as Minister of Agriculture under Petru Groza and was Vice President of the Council of Ministers.[3]

In 1948 he became an active member and secretary general of the Romanian Academy. In 1948, with the nationalization initiated by the communist regime, the Academy ceased to exist as a private institution and was reorganized under the name of the Academy of the Romanian People. Săvulescu was appointed president of this new organization during the Romanian People's Republic (1948–1959) by decree of the Presidium of the Great National Assembly.[4] He remained its honorary president until his death in 1963.

In April 1955, during an election meeting of the Academy, Traian Săvulescu came to the defence of members unfairly excluded in 1948 when almost a hundred cultural and scientific personalities were removed without justification or scientific value on the dictatorial criteria of the proletariat under the protection of Soviet advisers.[5]

On 23 March 1956, as a gesture towards the abolition of the Academy of Sciences of Romania and its integration into the People's Republic Romanian Academy, Traian Săvulescu, as President of the Academy, organized the inaugural meeting of the Association of Romanian Scientists (AORS).[6]

Traian Savulescu was a member of several foreign academies, including those from Hungary, Germany and New York (US). He was also editor of the journal Buletin de la section scientifique de L'Académie Roumaine and member of the editorial boards of the journals Phytopathologische Zeitschrift, Berlin and Sydowia.

Publications

  • Săvulescu, Traian (1928), Tratat despre flora Arabia [Treatise on the flora of Arabia]
  • Săvulescu, Traian (1935), Tratat despre flora Palestine [Treatise on the flora of Palestine]
  • Săvulescu, Traian; Zahariadeval (1937), morphology, anatomy şi sistematica porumbului [Morphology, anatomy and pathology of Corn]
  • Săvulescu, Traian (1940), Ştiinţele Biologic şi economia trans-title=The biological sciences and economics
  • Săvulescu, Traian (1946), Aspectele actuale Agriculturii româneşti ale [Current issues of Romanian agriculture]
  • Săvulescu, Traian (1949), De la practica domesticirii plantelor principio de la Biologie generală [The domestication of plants from the practice of general principles of biology]
  • Săvulescu, Traian (ed.), Flora Republicii Populare peoples [The Flora of the People's Republic of Romania] five volumes, 1952–1957
  • Săvulescu, Traian (1953), Monografia Uredinalelor din România
  • Săvulescu, Traian; Săvulescu, Olga (1959), Tratat pathology but vegetate [treatise on Plant Pathology]

References

  1. ↑ Expeditia Traian Savulescu in Delta Dunarii (in Romanian). June 1938.
  2. ↑ Marcu, George (2009). "Dicţionarul personalităţilor feminine din România: Alice Săvulescu" [Dictionary of female personalities from Romania: Alice Săvulescu]. Enciclopedia României (in Romanian). Bucharest, Romania: Editura Meronia. Archived from the original on 6 August 2016. Retrieved 2 April 2017.
  3. ↑ "http://documentare.rompres.ro/guverne.php?i=16". AGERPRES. External link in |title= (help) (subscription required)
  4. ↑ "Romania sub Ocupatia Sovietica (1948–1958)" [Romania under Soviet Occupation (1948–1958)] (in Romanian).
  5. ↑ ""Reprimiri" și alegeri la Academie" (in Romanian). Archived from the original on October 2, 2008.
  6. ↑ "Establishment of AORS". Retrieved 22 March 2015.
  7. ↑ IPNI.  Săvul.

Bibliogroaphy

  • "Personalități românești ale științelor naturii și tehnicii", Editura Științifică și enciclopedică, Bucharest, 1982
  • "Traian Săvulescu 1889–1973, Întemeietorul școlii de fitopatologie".
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