Titus Flavius Clemens (consul)

For the early Christian theologian, see Pope Clement I.

Titus Flavius T. f. T. n. Clemens was a nephew of the Roman Emperor Vespasian. He was the son of Titus Flavius Sabinus, consul suffectus in AD 69, and a brother of Titus Flavius Sabinus, consul in AD 82.[1] The emperors Titus and Domitian were his cousins.

As a child, Clemens was besieged along with his family in the capitol, when the soldiers of his uncle, Vespasian, were approaching Rome. His father was captured and slain by the forces of Vitellius, who burnt the capitol, but the rest of the family escaped.

Clemens' brother was consul with Domitian, shortly after the latter's accession, but the emperor put his cousin to death on the pretext that the herald proclaiming him consul had called him Imperator. In fact, the emperor was more likely motivated by his love for his cousin's wife, Julia Flavia (who, as the daughter of his brother Titus, was also his niece).[2]

Clemens also married one of his cousins, Flavia Domitilla, daughter of Vespasian's daughter, Domitilla, who was thus also a niece of Domitian. They had two sons, whom Domitian intended to succeed him in the empire, renaming one of them Vespasian and the other Domitian. However, in AD 95, when Clemens and the emperor were consuls, Domitian had his cousin put to death.[3]

According to Cassius Dio, Clemens was put to death on a charge of atheism, for which, he adds, many others who went over to the Jewish opinions were executed.[4] This may imply that Clemens had converted to Judaism or Christianity, the former being more likely, and accompanied by circumcision.[5] For the same reason, his wife was banished to Pandataria.[6][7][8]

To this Clemens in all probability is dedicated the Basilica of San Clemente al Laterano, on the Caelian hill, which is believed to have been built originally in the fifth century, although its site is now occupied by a more recent, though very ancient, structure. In the year 1725 Cardinal Annibal Albani found under this church an inscription in honour of Flavius Clemens, martyr, which is described in a work called T. Flavii Clementis Viri Consularis et Martyris Tumulus illustratis.[9] Some connect Clemens with Clemens Romanus, perhaps the author of the Epistle to the Corinthians.[10]

References

  1. ↑ Gavin Townend, "Some Flavian Connections", Journal of Roman Studies, 51 (1961), pp. 55-57
  2. ↑ Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus, De Vita Caesarum, Domitianus 10.
  3. ↑ Suetonius, Domitianus 15.
  4. ↑ Lucius Cassius Dio Cocceianus, Roman History lxvii. 14.
  5. ↑ http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/4391-circumcision
  6. ↑ Philostratus, Life of Apollonius of Tyana viii. 15.
  7. ↑ Eusebius of Caesarea, Historia Ecclesiastica iii. 14.
  8. ↑ Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus, Epistulae 27.
  9. ↑ Cardinal Annibal Albani, T. Flavii Clementis Viri Consularis et Martyris Tumulus illustratis (Urbino, 1727)
  10. ↑ Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, William Smith, Editor.

 This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Smith, William, ed. (1870). "Clemens, T. Flavius". Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology. 1. p. 788.

Bibliography

  • Grätz, Die Jüdischen Proselyten im Römerreiche, pp. 28 et seq.
  • idem, Geschichte 3d ed., iv. 403
  • Lebrecht, in Geiger's Jüd. Zeit. xi. 273
  • Berliner, Geschichte der Juden in Rom, p. 39
  • Kraus, Roma Sotterranea, p. 41, Freiburg-in-Breisgau, 1873
  • Reinach, Fontes Rerum Judaicaram, i. 195
  • Prosopographia Imperii Romani, ii. 81.G. S. Kr.
Political offices
Preceded by
Lucius Silius Decianus,
and Titus Pomponius Bassus
as Suffect consuls		 Consul of the Roman Empire
95
with Domitian XVII,
followed by Lucius Neratius Marcellus		 Succeeded by
Aulus Bucius Lappius Maximus II,
and Publius Ducenius Verus
as Suffect consuls
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