Timeline of cannabis law

The list includes significant events globally in the history of national-level cannabis law.

1300s

  • Soudoun Sheikouni, the Emir of the Joneima in Arabia, prohibited cannabis, considered one of the world's first-attested cannabis banned.[1]

1700s

  • 1787: Madagascar's King Andrianampoinimerina took the throne, and soon after banned cannabis with capital punishment.[2]

1800s

  • 1800: Shortly following Napoleon's invasion of Egypt, concerned by his troops' use of smoked hashish and cannabis drinks, he banned the drug and the establishments that provide it.[3]
  • 1830: The Municipal Council of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, prohibited bringing cannabis into the city, and punishing its use by any slave.[4]
  • 1840: the British colony of Mauritius banned cannabis.[5]
  • 1861: British Guiana passed a law entitled An Ordinance to Regulate the Sale of Opium and Bhang.[6]
  • 1867: the British colonial government of Sri Lanka introduced the Opium and Bhang Ordinance, restricting the sale of cannabis to licensed dealers only.[7][8]
  • 1870: Natal Colony (now in South Africa) passed the Coolie Law Consolidation prohibiting: "the smoking, use, or possession by and the sale, barter, or gift to, any Coolies [Indian indentured workers] whatsoever, of any portion of the hemp plant (Cannabis sativa)..."[9]
  • 1870: Singpore banned cannabis.[10]
  • 1877: the Ottoman government in Constantinople mandated that all hashish in Egypt be destroyed, and in 1879 importation of cannabis was banned by the Khedivate of Egypt.[11][12]
  • 1890: Morocco's Sultan Hassan I instituted strict regulations on cultivation and trade, but also conferred clear cannabis production privileges on several Rif tribes.[13]
  • 1890: Greece banned the cultivation, importation, and use of cannabis.[14]
  • 1894: In British India the Indian Hemp Drugs Commission released its findings, concluding that "The moderate use practically produces no ill effects. In all but the most exceptional cases, the injury from habitual moderate use is not appreciable."[15]

1900s

  • 1913: Jamaica banned cannabis with the Ganja Law, supported by the white elites and the Council of Evangelical Churches in Jamaica[16]
  • 1914: British East Africa Protectorate banned cannabis.[17]
  • 1920: Sierra Leone banned cannabis.[18]
  • 1920: Mexico banned the cultivation, sale, and recreational use of cannabis.[19]
  • 1922: South Africa banned cannabis nationally, under the Customs and Excises Duty Act.[20][21]
  • 1923: Canada banned cannabis.[22]
  • 1923: Panama banned the cultivation and use of cannabis.[23]
  • 1924: Sudan banned the cultivation and use of cannabis.[24]
  • 1925: The League of Nations signs the revised International Opium Convention, for the first time adding cannabis among prohibited drugs.
  • 1925: Trinidad and Tobago banned cannabis.[25]
  • 1926: Lebanon prohibited hashish.[26][27]
  • 1926: Australia banned cannabis.[28]
  • 1927: Indonesia banned cannabis.[29]
  • 1928: The United Kingdom first prohibited cannabis as a drug, in accordance with the 1925 International Opium Convention, adding cannabis as an addendum to the Dangerous Drugs Act 1920.[30][31]
  • 1928: Romania established laws for countering narcotics, including hashish and its preparations.[32]
  • 1934: The Irish Free State prohibited cannabis and cannabis resin with the Dangerous Drugs Act 1934.[33]
  • 1935: Thailand criminalised cannabis.[34]
  • 1937: The United States passed the Marijuana Tax Act, effectively prohibiting all use of cannabis on a federal level.
  • 1939: Burma legalised and licensed the production and sale of cannabis.[35]
  • 1948: Japan adopted the Cannabis Control Law, establishing a licensing system for dealers, and punishments for unlicensed use or sale.[36]
  • 1951: Poland classified cannabis as a narcotic.[37]
  • 1953: Tunisia banned cannabis.[38]
  • 1953: The Netherlands criminalised cannabis.[39]
  • 1956: Morocco becomes independent, and banned cannabis by royal decree.[40]
  • 1961: The United Nations Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs decreed: "The use of cannabis for other than medical and scientific purposes must be discontinued as soon as possible but in any case within twenty-five years..."
  • 1965: New Zealand banned cannabis under the Narcotics Act.[41]
  • 1966: Finland prohibited cannabis.[42]
  • 1968: The government of the Republic of Vietnam "publicly condemned" the use or trafficking of cannabis, and instructed local chiefs to prevent its cultivation.[43]
  • 1969: Iceland banned cannabis.[44]
  • 1970: The United States passed the Controlled Substances Act, prohibiting cannabis federally along with several other drugs and replacing the 1937 act.
  • 1972: The Netherlands divided drugs into more- and less-dangerous categories, with cannabis being in the lesser category. Accordingly, possession of 30 grams or less was made a misdemeanor.[45]
  • 1973: Nepal canceled the licenses of all cannabis shops, dealers, and farmers, under pressure from the United States and the international community.[46]
  • 1973: Afghanistan's King Zahir Shah outlawed cannabis production, followed by genuine commitment to eradication, backed by $47 million in funding from the United States government.[46]
  • 1975: Comoros' Ali Soilih seized power, and among other radical reforms to gain the support of youth, legalised cannabis in Comoros.[47][48]
  • 1976: South Korea passed the Cannabis Control Act.[49]
  • 1988: Paraguay decriminalised personal possession of 10 grams of cannabis or less.[50][51]
  • 1989: Bangladesh banned the sale of cannabis.[52]
  • 1992: Lebanon banned and eradicates cannabis, under US pressure.[53]
  • 1997: Poland criminalised possession of cannabis.[54]

2000s

  • 2001: Luxembourg decriminalised cannabis.[55]
  • 2001: Portugal decriminalised all drugs, including cannabis.[56][57]
  • 2003: Belgium decriminalised cannabis.[58][59]
  • 2004: The United Kingdom re-classified cannabis as a Class C (less-harmful) drug, before restoring it to Class B in 2009.[60]
  • 2005: Chile decriminalised cannabis.[61]
  • 2006: Russia reduced the limits for criminal possession of many drugs, with the criminal threshold for cannabis being reduced from 20 to 6 grams for cannabis, and 5 to 2 grams for hashish.[62]
  • 2006: Brazil decriminalised possession and cultivation of personal amounts of cannabis.[63]
  • 2008: Austria legalised medical cannabis.[64]
  • 2009: Mexico decriminalised possession of up to 5 grams of cannabis.[65]
  • 2009: Argentina decriminalised cannabis.[66]
  • 2010: Czech Republic reduced the penalty for small possession and up to five cannabis plants to a misdemeanor.[67]
  • 2011: Denmark approves several cannabis-derived drugs for medical use.[68][69]
  • 2012: Switzerland decriminalised possession of 10 grams or less to a fine.[70]
  • 2012: Colombia decriminalised possession of 20 grams or less.[71]
  • 2013: Croatia decriminalised possession of cannabis.[72]
  • 2013: Uruguay legalised cannabis, becoming the first country in the modern era to explicitly do so.[73]
  • 2013: Canada legalised medical cannabis.[74]
  • 2013: Italy legalised medical cannabis.[75]
  • 2013: Romania became the tenth EU country to legalise medical cannabis.[76]
  • 2013: Czech Republic legalised cannabis for medical use.[77][78]
  • 2013: France legalised the sale of medications containing cannabis derivatives.[79][80]
  • 2015: Malta decriminalised cannabis.[81]
  • 2015: Colombia legalised medical cannabis.[82]
  • 2015: Croatia legalised cannabis-based drugs for specified medical purposes.[83]
  • 2015: Jamaica decriminalised possession of up to 2 ounces of cannabis and legalised the cultivation for personal use of up to 5 plants.[84]
  • 2016: Austria decriminalised possession of small amounts of cannabis.[85]
  • 2016: Macedonia legalised medical cannabis.[86]
  • 2016: Australia legalised medicinal cannabis at the federal level.[87]
  • 2016: Poland legalised medical cannabis.[88]
  • 2016: Norway made allowances for medical cannabis.[89]
  • 2016: Georgia's Supreme Court ruled that imprisonment for possession of small amounts of cannabis is unconstitutional.[90]
  • 2017: Germany legalised medical cannabis.[91]
  • 2017: Cyprus legalised the medical use of cannabis oil for advanced stage cancer patients.[92]
  • 2017: Belize decriminalised possession or use of 10 grams or less on private premises.[93]
  • 2017: Greece legalised medical cannabis.[94]
  • 2017: Mexico legalised medical cannabis having a THC content of 1% or less.[95]
  • 2017: Peru legalised cannabis oil for medical use.[96]
  • 2017: Luxembourg legalised medical cannabis extracts.[97][98]
  • 2017: Lesotho granted modern Africa's first medical cannabis license.[99]
  • 2017: Georgia decriminalised cannabis.[100]
  • 2018: Denmark legalised cannabis-based medicines.[101]
  • 2018: Malta legalised medicinal cannabis with a prescription.[102]
  • 2018: Zimbabwe legalised cannabis for medical and scientific purposes. [103][104]
  • 2018: Canada legalised cannabis.[105]
  • 2018: South Africa legalised cannabis.[106]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Bankole A. Johnson (10 October 2010). Addiction Medicine: Science and Practice. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 303–. ISBN 978-1-4419-0338-9.
  2. ↑ Gwyn Campbell (3 April 2012). David Griffiths and the Missionary "History of Madagascar". BRILL. pp. 437–. ISBN 90-04-20980-8.
  3. ↑ Booth, M. (2015). Cannabis: A History. St. Martin's Press. pp. 76–77. ISBN 978-1-250-08219-0.
  4. ↑ Robert Clarke; Mark Merlin (1 September 2013). Cannabis: Evolution and Ethnobotany. University of California Press. pp. 182–. ISBN 978-0-520-95457-1.
  5. ↑ A Collection of the Laws of Mauritius and Its Dependencies. By the authority of the Government. 1867. pp. 541–.
  6. ↑ The Laws of British Guiana. H. Hart. 1895. pp. 88–.
  7. ↑ United Nations Asia and Far East Institute for the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders (1989). Drug control in Asia. UNAFEI. p. 128.
  8. ↑ C. G. Uragoda (1987). A history of medicine in Sri Lanka from the earliest times to 1948. Sri Lanka Medical Association. p. 192.
  9. ↑ Brian M. Du Toit (1991). Cannabis, alcohol, and the South African student: adolescent drug use, 1974-1985. Ohio University Center for International Studies. ISBN 978-0-89680-166-0.
  10. ↑ Nanthawan Bunyapraphatsō̜n (1999). Medicinal and poisonous plants. Backhuys Publishers. p. 169. ISBN 978-90-5782-042-7.
  11. ↑ India. Hemp Drugs Commission (1893–1894); Sir William Mackworth Young (1969). Marijuana: Report of the Indian Hemp Drugs Commission, 1893–1894. Thos. Jefferson Publishing Company. p. 270.
  12. ↑ E.L. Abel (29 June 2013). Marihuana: The First Twelve Thousand Years. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 133–. ISBN 978-1-4899-2189-5.
  13. ↑ Fredrik Söderbaum; Ian Taylor; Nordiska Afrikainstitutet (2008). Afro-regions: The Dynamics of Cross-border Micro-regionalism in Africa. Stylus Pub Llc. p. 130. ISBN 978-91-7106-618-3.
  14. ↑ E.L. Abel (29 June 2013). Marihuana: The First Twelve Thousand Years. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 135–. ISBN 978-1-4899-2189-5.
  15. ↑ "(298) Page 264 - India Papers > Medicine - Drugs > Report of the Indian Hemp Drugs Commission, 1894-1895 > Volume I - Medical History of British India - National Library of Scotland". nls.uk. Retrieved 13 July 2015.
  16. ↑ "The ganja law of 1913: 100 years of oppressive injustice - Columns". JamaicaObserver.com. 2013-12-02. Retrieved 2015-07-24.
  17. ↑ Kenya Gazette. 15 October 1913. pp. 882–.
  18. ↑ Emmanuel Akyeampong; Allan G. Hill; Arthur Kleinman (1 May 2015). The Culture of Mental Illness and Psychiatric Practice in Africa. Indiana University Press. pp. 39–. ISBN 978-0-253-01304-0.
  19. ↑ Isaac Campos (2012). Home Grown: Marijuana and the Origins of Mexico's War on Drugs. Univ of North Carolina Press. pp. 200–. ISBN 978-0-8078-3538-8.
  20. ↑ Martin Chanock (5 March 2001). The Making of South African Legal Culture 1902-1936: Fear, Favour and Prejudice. Cambridge University Press. pp. 94–. ISBN 978-0-521-79156-4.
  21. ↑ Craig Paterson (2009). Prohibition & Resistance: A Socio-political Exploration of the Changing Dynamics of the Southern African Cannabis Trade, C. 1850 - the Present. Rhodes University. . Cited in http://mg.co.za/article/2014-07-04-00-for-our-love-of-dagga-we-go-to-court
  22. ↑ Martin A. Lee (14 August 2012). Smoke Signals: A Social History of Marijuana - Medical, Recreational and Scientific. Simon and Schuster. pp. 325–. ISBN 978-1-4391-0260-2.
  23. ↑ Rowan Robinson (1996). The Great Book of Hemp: The Complete Guide to the Environmental, Commercial, and Medicinal Uses of the World's Most Extraordinary Plant. Inner Traditions / Bear & Co. pp. 58–. ISBN 978-0-89281-541-8.
  24. ↑ Sudan (1975). Laws of the Sudan. Khartoum University Press. p. 230.
  25. ↑ Axel Klein; Marcus Day; Anthony Harriott (13 November 2004). Caribbean Drugs: From Criminalization to Harm Reduction. Zed Books. pp. 58–. ISBN 978-1-84277-499-1.
  26. ↑ Robert Connell Clarke (1998). Hashish!. Red Eye Press. ISBN 978-0-929349-05-3.
  27. ↑ France. Ministère des affaires étrangères (1925). ... Rapport sur la situation de la Syrie et du Liban ... Imprimerie nationale. p. 73. Par arrêté du Haut-Commissaire en date du 8 octobre 1925, la culture du haschich, qui était particulièrement intense dans la Békaa (Grand Liban), a été interdite à compter du ier janvier 1926.
  28. ↑ Alex Wodak; Ron Owens (January 1996). Drug Prohibition: A Call for Change. UNSW Press. pp. 11–. ISBN 978-0-86840-175-1.
  29. ↑ Thomas H. Slone (2003). Prokem. Masalai Press. pp. 26–. ISBN 978-0-9714127-5-0.
  30. ↑ Paul Manning (11 January 2013). Drugs and Popular Culture. Routledge. pp. 136–. ISBN 978-1-134-01211-4.
  31. ↑ Bernard Porter (30 October 2015). Empire Ways: Aspects of British Imperialism. I.B.Tauris. pp. 58–. ISBN 978-0-85773-959-9.
  32. ↑ "EMCDDA | Country legal profiles". Emcdda.europa.eu. Retrieved 2016-11-26.
  33. ↑ "Dangerous Drugs Act, 1934, Part II". Irish Statute Book. Retrieved 7 December 2016.
  34. ↑ "พระราชบัญญัติกันชา พุทธศักราช ๒๔๗๗" (PDF). Royal Thai Government Gazette. 52: 339–343. 5 May 1935. Retrieved 6 December 2016.
  35. ↑ A. Wright (21 November 2013). Opium and Empire in Southeast Asia: Regulating Consumption in British Burma. Springer. pp. 82–. ISBN 978-1-137-31760-5.
  36. ↑ Minoru Shikita; Shinichi Tsuchiya (6 December 2012). Crime and Criminal Policy in Japan: Analysis and Evaluation of the Showa Era, 1926–1988. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 13–. ISBN 978-1-4612-2816-5.
  37. ↑ Bołtryk, Piotr (2014). KRYMINOLOGICZNE I PRAWNE ASPEKTY POSIADANIA NARKOTYKÓW W POLSCE (NA PRZYKŁADZIE POCHODNYCH KONOPI INNYCH NIŻ WŁÓKNISTE) (PDF) (in Polish). UNIWERSYTET W BIAŁYMSTOKU. pp. 188–195.
  38. ↑ United Nations. Commission on Narcotic Drugs (1949). Summary of Annual Reports of Governments Relating to Opium and Other Narcotic Drugs.
  39. ↑ Dirk J. Korf (1995). Dutch Treat: Formal Control and Illicit Drug Use in the Netherlands. Thesis Publishers. p. 272. ISBN 978-90-5170-369-6.
  40. ↑ Africa Analysis: The Fortnightly Bulletin on Financial and Political Trends. Africa Analysis Limited. 2000. p. 36.
  41. ↑ Greg Newbold (3 June 2016). Crime, Law and Justice in New Zealand. Routledge. pp. 153–. ISBN 978-1-317-27561-9.
  42. ↑ "VKS:2006:1 Seuraamuksen määrääminen huumausaineen käyttörikoksesta" (in Finnish). Finnish Office of the Prosecutor General. Retrieved 6 December 2016.
  43. ↑ Vietnam Studies: Law at War: Vietnam 1964-1973. LLMC. pp. 120–. GGKEY:L7BC9KNKENA.
  44. ↑ "Marihuana og LSD loks bannað hér!" (in Icelandic) (235). Tíminn. 25 October 1969. Retrieved 10 December 2016.
  45. ↑ Martin Booth (1 June 2005). Cannabis: A History. Picador. pp. 338–. ISBN 978-0-312-42494-7.
  46. 1 2 Martin Booth (30 September 2011). Cannabis: A History. Transworld. pp. 325–. ISBN 978-1-4090-8489-1.
  47. ↑ Dossiers sur les 30 Chefs d'Etat ou de Gouvernements tués Archived 2011-07-23 at the Wayback Machine.(in French)
  48. ↑ Transition, 73 – The Mercenary Position, JSTOR 2935448
  49. ↑ Korea News Review. Korea Herald, Incorporated. 1988. p. 44.
  50. ↑ TNI. "Paraguay - Drug Law Reform in Latin America". Retrieved 25 February 2016.
  51. ↑ "En Paraguay, la posesión y consumo personal de la marihuana es legal". E'a. Retrieved 25 February 2016.
  52. ↑ "Drug Abuse: Where is The Way of Remedy? (Part II- Some Dangerous Silent Killers)". DhakaInsider. 2014-06-20. Archived from the original on 2016-11-15. Retrieved 2016-11-15.
  53. ↑ Réalités. Spectacle du monde. May 1996. p. 354. Les Américains ne lâchant pas prise, le gouvernement libanais interdisait officiellement la culture du pavot et du cannabis en 1992.
  54. ↑ Bołtryk, Piotr (2014). KRYMINOLOGICZNE I PRAWNE ASPEKTY POSIADANIA NARKOTYKÓW W POLSCE (NA PRZYKŁADZIE POCHODNYCH KONOPI INNYCH NIŻ WŁÓKNISTE) (PDF) (in Polish). UNIWERSYTET W BIAŁYMSTOKU. pp. 196–197.
  55. ↑ David R. Bewley-Taylor (22 March 2012). International Drug Control: Consensus Fractured. Cambridge University Press. pp. 175–. ISBN 978-1-107-01497-8.
  56. ↑ Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: Home Affairs Committee (10 December 2012). Drugs: Breaking the Cycle, Ninth Report of Session 2012-13, Vol. 2: Oral and Written Evidence. The Stationery Office. pp. 135–. ISBN 978-0-215-05095-3.
  57. ↑ Robin Room (2010). Cannabis Policy: Moving Beyond Stalemate. Oxford University Press. pp. 89–. ISBN 978-0-19-958148-1.
  58. ↑ Police fdrale - CGPR Webteam. "Federale politie - Police fdrale". Retrieved 14 January 2015.
  59. ↑ Cannabis legal status vault – Belgium, Erowid.org, retrieved 2011-02-17
  60. ↑ Alan Travis (24 October 2001). "Cannabis laws eased in drug policy shakeup". the guardian. Retrieved 15 December 2012.
  61. ↑ TNI. "Chile - Drug Law Reform in Latin America". Retrieved 25 February 2016.
  62. ↑ USA. "Half a gram – a thousand lives". Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. PMC 2474596. Missing or empty |url= (help)
  63. ↑ Professor Anita Kalunta-Crumpton (28 June 2015). Pan-African Issues in Drugs and Drug Control: An International Perspective. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. pp. 242–. ISBN 978-1-4724-2214-9.
  64. ↑ "AFP: Austria allows cannabis for medical purposes". afp.google.com. Archived from the original on 2008-09-05. Retrieved 2008-07-21.
  65. ↑ "Mexico Legalizes Drug Possession". The New York Times. 21 August 2009. Retrieved 2010-04-04.
  66. ↑ TNI. "Argentina - Drug Law Reform in Latin America". Retrieved 25 February 2016.
  67. ↑ Carney, Sean (2009-12-08). "Czech Govt Allows 5 Cannabis Plants For Personal Use From 2010 - Emerging Europe Real Time - WSJ". Blogs.wsj.com. Retrieved 2016-11-26.
  68. ↑ Danish Medicines Agency (30 September 2016): Cannabis for medicinal use – questions and answers.
  69. ↑ DR Nyheder (10 October 2016). BAGGRUND Derfor er cannabis-medicin faktisk lovligt. Retrieved 9 November 2016.
  70. ↑ "FF 2012 7539" (PDF). Retrieved 2016-11-16.
  71. ↑ "Colombia decriminalizes cocaine, marijuana | Public Radio International". Pri.org. 2012-06-30. Retrieved 2016-11-26.
  72. ↑ http://www.encod.org/info/CROATIA-TO-DECRIMINALIZE-DRUG.html
  73. ↑ Mic. "One Year After Uruguay Legalized Marijuana, Here's What It's Become". Mic. Retrieved 2016-11-26.
  74. ↑ Branch, Legislative Services. "Consolidated federal laws of canada, Marihuana for Medical Purposes Regulations". laws-lois.justice.gc.ca. Retrieved 2018-09-18.
  75. ↑ https://www.ibtimes.com/marijuana-legalization-italy-pot-laws-eased-growers-cultivating-medical-cannabis-2267841%3Famp%3D1?client=safari%5Bpermanent+dead+link%5D
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  77. ↑ Zdravotnictví prochází změnou. Léčba konopím je nyní legální | Zprávy z domova. www.lidovky.cz. Retrieved on 2013-04-17.
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  79. ↑ Marie Jamet (6 November 2013). "Legalising or decriminalizing cannabis in France: not that easy". Euronews. Retrieved 15 December 2013.
  80. ↑ Ann Törnkvist (10 June 2013). "French law on pot-based medicine takes effect". The Local. Retrieved 15 December 2013.
  81. ↑ "New drugs reform law into force today– what has changed?". MaltaToday.com.mt. 2015-04-15. Retrieved 2016-11-26.
  82. ↑ Paula Carrillo (2015-12-22). "Colombia legalizes medical marijuana". Yahoo.com. Retrieved 2016-11-18.
  83. ↑ "Croatia Legalises Marijuana for Medical Use". Balkan Insight. Retrieved 30 November 2016.
  84. ↑ "Jamaica Lawmakers Decriminalize Small Amounts of 'Ganja'". ABC News. 25 February 2015. Retrieved 25 February 2015.
  85. ↑ http://www.salzburg24.at/legalisierung-light-cannabis-in-kleinstmengen-quasi-straffrei/4517780
  86. ↑ "Macedonia: Parliament Legalizes Medical Marijuana". Eurasia Review.
  87. ↑ "Medical marijuana is now legal in Australia". Business Insider Australia. 24 February 2016.
  88. ↑ "Legalizacja marihuany jest prawnie niemożliwa - Służba zdrowia - rp.pl". Retrieved 2016-12-02.
  89. ↑ "Behandling med medisinsk cannabis innenfor dagens regelverk". Statens Legemiddelverk.
  90. ↑ "Norms envisaging imprisonment for marijuana use now null and void in Georgia". Agenda.ge. 24 December 2016. Retrieved 25 December 2016.
  91. ↑ https://www.thelocal.de/20170303/doctors-rejoice-as-germany-kicks-off-medical-marijuana-prescriptions
  92. ↑ Tharoor, Avinash (February 1, 2017). "Cyprus Set to Provide Cannabis Oil to Cancer Patients". Talking Drugs. Retrieved November 15, 2017.
  93. ↑ "Marijuana Decriminalization Legislation Passed By House". 7 News Belize. 20 October 2017. Retrieved 23 October 2017.
  94. ↑ Revesz, Rachael (July 3, 2017). "Greece legalises marijuana for medical purposes". The Independent. Retrieved November 19, 2017.
  95. ↑ Osborne, Samuel (21 June 2017). "Mexico legalises medical marijuana". The Independent. Retrieved 15 November 2017.
  96. ↑ https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/medical-marijuana-legal-peru-parliament-politicians-south-america-cannabis-oil-a8012976.html
  97. ↑ https://www.lequotidien.lu/a-la-une/cannabis-medical-lexemple-de-lallemagne/
  98. ↑ http://delano.lu/d/detail/news/cannabis-medicinal-purposes-pilot-project/160906
  99. ↑ http://ewn.co.za/2017/09/18/sa-firm-gets-green-light-to-grow-marijuana-in-lesotho
  100. ↑ http://www.jurist.org/paperchase/2017/12/republic-of-georgia-constitutional-court-decriminalizes-marijuana-usage.php
  101. ↑ https://www.jv.dk/kolding/Kolding-virksomhed-klar-med-foerste-parti-medicinsk-cannabis/artikel/2573851
  102. ↑ https://www.maltatoday.com.mt/news/national/85616/malta_has_officially_legalised_medical_cannabis
  103. ↑ "Zimbabwe legalises marijuana for medical and scientific use". The Telegraph.
  104. ↑ Alina Polianskaya (April 28, 2018), "Zimbabwe legalises marijuana for medicinal use", The Independent
  105. ↑ "Government Bill (House of Commons) C-45 (42-1) - Royal Assent - Cannabis Act - Parliament of Canada". Retrieved 2018-09-18.
  106. ↑ "South Africa legalises cannabis use". BBC News. 2018-09-18. Retrieved 2018-09-18.
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