Prior to 20th century
- 140 BC – City destroyed by Diodotus Tryphon.
- 64 BC – Beirut conquered by Agrippa.
- 14 BC – During the reign of Herod the Great, Berytus became a colonia.
- 551 CE – Earthquake.
- 635 – Beirut passes into Arab control.
- 759 – Prince Arslan bin al-Mundhir founds the Principality of Sin-el-Fil in Beirut.
- 1111 – Baldwin overtakes city.
- 1187 – Saladin overtakes city.
- 1763 – Ottomans reclaim the city.
- 1832 – Ibrahim Pasha of Egypt in power.
- 1840 – October: Battle of Beirut.
- 1853 – Grand Serail built.
- 1858 – Government Hadiqat al-Akhbar newspaper begins publication.
- 1860
- 1866 – Syrian Protestant College established.
- 1868 – Archaeological Museum of the American University of Beirut established.
- 1875
- 1877 – Lisan al-Hal newspaper begins publication.[3]
- 1883 – Hôtel-Dieu de France founded.
- 1888 – Beirut was made capital of a vilayet (governorate) in Syria,[37] including the sanjaks (prefectures) Latakia, Tripoli, Beirut, Acre and Bekaa.
- 1894 – Saint George Maronite Cathedral and Harbor constructed.
- 1895 – Railway completed "across the Lebanon to Damascus."
- 1898 – Population: 120,000 (approximate).[4]
20th century
1900s–1960s
- 1902 – al-Iqbāl newspaper begins publication.[3]
- 1907
- Railway to Aleppo completed.
- René Moawad Garden established.
- Baidaphon (record label) in business (approximate date).
- 1916 – Place des Canons renamed Martyrs' Square.
- 1920 – Beirut Stock Exchange founded.
- 1920 – 1 September: Lebanon Republic (Greater Lebanon) proclaimed a state.
- 1921 – Beirut Traders Association founded.[6]
- 1924 – Al Joumhouria newspaper begins publication.
- 1925
- 1927 – American Junior College for Women opens in Ras Beirut.
- 1933
- 1934 – Population: 162,000 (approximate).[7]
- 1936 – Kamel Abbas Hamieh takes office as Governor of Beirut.
- 1937
- 1938 – Al Akhbar newspaper begins publication.
- 1941 – Eastern Times newspaper begins publication.[3]
- 1942 – National Museum of Beirut opens.
- 1943 – Beirut becomes capital city of independent Lebanon.
- 1946
- Nicolas Rizk takes office as Governor of Beirut.
- Al-Hayat newspaper begins publication.
- 1950 – Population: 181,271.[8]
- 1951 – Lebanese University and Lycée Franco-Libanais Verdun founded.
- 1952
- George Assi takes office as Governor of Beirut.
- The Daily Star newspaper begins publication.
- 1954 – Beirut Rafic Hariri International Airport opens.
- 1956 – Bachour Haddad takes office as Governor of Beirut.
- 1957 – Camille Chamoun Sports City Stadium opens.
- 1958 – Population: 400,000 (estimate).[9]
- 1959
- Télé Liban (television) begins broadcasting.[10]
- Philip Boulos takes office as Governor of Beirut.
- Al Anwar newspaper begins publication.
- 1960
- 1961
- 1963 – Gallery One (cultural space) opens.
- 1964 – Saint Nicolas Garden opens.
- 1966 – Al Ahed football team established, headquartered in Beirut.
- 1967 – Chafik Abou Haydar takes office as Governor of Beirut.
- 1968 – "Israel raids Beirut airport."[12]
1970s–1990s
- 1970
- L'Orient Le Jour newspaper begins publication.
- Population: 474,870 city; 938,940 urban agglomeration.[13]
- 1972 – Manoukian Center established.
- 1973 – Holiday Inn in business.[14]
- 1974 – As-Safir newspaper begins publication.
- 1975
- April: Lebanese Civil War begins.[12]
- Green Line established between mainly Muslim factions in West Beirut and the Christian Lebanese Front in East Beirut.
- Centre for Arab Unity Studies founded.[15]
- 1976 – al-Murābiṭ newspaper begins publication.[3]
- 1977 – Mitri El Nammar takes office as Governor of Beirut.
- 1978 – Syrian siege of Achrafiyeh, the main Christian district of Beirut.
- 1982
- 1983 – French and US barracks bombed.
- 1986 – Centre de Documentation et de Recherches Arabes Chretiennes founded.
- 1987 – George Smaha takes office as Governor of Beirut.
- 1988 – Ad-Diyar newspaper begins publication.
- 1989 – Lebanese Center for Policy Studies headquartered in city.[15]
- 1990 – Solidere (redevelopment company) and Center for Strategic Studies Research and Documentation[15] founded.
- 1991 – Al Manar TV begins broadcasting.
- 1992 – Nayef Al Maaloof takes office as Governor of Beirut
- 1993
- 1994 – Souk el-Tayeb farmer's market opens.[17]
- 1995 – Nicolas Saba takes office as Governor of Beirut
- 1997
- 1999
- 2000 – Museum of Lebanese Prehistory established.
References
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 OCLC. "WorldCat". Retrieved 11 June 2012.
- ↑ Palestine and Syria, Karl Baedeker, Leipzig, 1898
- ↑ "Beirut Traders Association". Retrieved 14 June 2012.
- ↑ Mittelmeer, Karl Baedeker, Leipzig, 1934
- ↑ The Columbia Encyclopedia, CUP, New York, 1950
- ↑ "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1965. New York: Statistical Office of the United Nations. 1966. pp. 140–161.
- ↑ Europa World Year Book 2004. Europa Publications. ISBN 978-1-85743-255-8.
- 1 2 "Chronology of Key Events". Lebanon Profile. BBC News. Retrieved 11 June 2012.
- ↑ United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office (1987). "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". 1985 Demographic Yearbook. New York. pp. 247–289.
- ↑ "A history of cities in 50 buildings", The Guardian, UK, 2015
- 1 2 3 "Think Tank Directory". Philadelphia: Foreign Policy Research Institute. Archived from the original on 10 November 2013. Retrieved 19 November 2013.
- 1 2 M. Egan (28 March 2010). "The Scene- Beirut". New York Times.
- 1 2 "Lebanon". Art Spaces Directory. New York: New Museum. Retrieved 19 November 2013.
- ↑ Mona Khechen (2007). "Beyond the Spectacle: Al-Saha Village, Beirut". Traditional Dwellings and Settlements Review. International Association for the Study of Traditional Environments. 19 – via University of California, Berkeley.
- ↑ "Sister Cities of Los Angeles". USA: City of Los Angeles. Retrieved 30 December 2015.
- ↑ S. Sherwood (29 April 2010). "36 Hours in Beirut". New York Times.
- ↑ R. Doyle (17 February 2012). "In Beirut, the Zaitunay Bay Promenade Opens". New York Times.
- ↑ "New pan-Arab satellite channel hopes to counter Al-Jazeera's Arab Spring coverage". Washington Post. Associated Press. 11 June 2012.
This article incorporates information from the French Wikipedia.
Bibliography
- Published in 19th century
- John Macgregor (1844). "Syria and Palestine: Beyrout". Commercial Statistics. London: C. Knight and Co.
- "Beyrout", Cook's Tourists' Handbook for Palestine and Syria, London: T. Cook & Son, 1876
- Èmile Isambert (1881). "Beyrout". Itinéraire descriptif, historique et archéologique de l'Orient. Guides Joanne (in French). 3: Syrie, Palestine.
- R. Lambert Playfair (1892), "Beyrout", Handbook to the Mediterranean (3rd ed.), London: John Murray
- "Beirut", Handbook for Travellers in Syria and Palestine (3rd ed.), Leipsig: K. Baedeker, 1898
- Published in 20th century
- "Beirut", Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.), New York, 1910, OCLC 14782424 – via Internet Archive
- Benjamin Vincent (1910). "Beyrout". Haydn's Dictionary of Dates (25th ed.). London: Ward, Lock & Co.
- Ali Jihad Racy (1986). "Words and Music in Beirut: A Study of Attitudes". Ethnomusicology. 30. JSTOR 851587.
- Mona Takieddin Amyuni (1987). "The Image of the City: Wounded Beirut". Alif: Journal of Comparative Poetics (7). JSTOR 521854.
— literary criticism
- Dona J. Stewart (1996). "Economic Recovery and Reconstruction in Postwar Beirut". Geographical Review. 86. JSTOR 215929.
- Saree Makdisi (1997). "Laying Claim to Beirut: Urban Narrative and Spatial Identity in the Age of Solidere". Critical Inquiry. 23. JSTOR 1344040.
- Projecting Beirut. 1998.
- Published in 21st century
- Sara Scalenghe and Nadya Sbaiti (2003). "Conducting Research in Lebanon: An Overview of Historical Sources in Beirut". Middle East Studies Association Bulletin. 37. JSTOR 23063088.
- C. Edmund Bosworth, ed. (2007). "Beirut". Historic Cities of the Islamic World. Leiden: Koninklijke Brill. p. 53+. ISBN 9004153888.
- Lara Deeb and Mona Harb (2007). "Sanctioned Pleasures: Youth, Piety and Leisure in Beirut". Middle East Report (245). JSTOR 25164816.
- Michael R.T. Dumper; Bruce E. Stanley, eds. (2008), "Beirut", Cities of the Middle East and North Africa, Santa Barbara, USA: ABC-CLIO, p. 82+, ISBN 9781576079201
- Joe Nasr; Eric Verdeil (2008). "Reconstructions of Beirut". City in the Islamic World. Leiden: Koninklijke Brill. p. 1115+. ISBN 9004171681 – via HAL, Centre pour la communication scientifique directe, France.
- Sarah Rogers (2008). "Producing the Local: The Visual Arts in Beirut". Middle East Studies Association Bulletin. 42. JSTOR 23063538.
- Gerhard Böwering, ed. (2013). "Beirut". Princeton Encyclopedia of Islamic Political Thought. Princeton University Press. p. 67. ISBN 0-691-13484-7.
- Lara Deeb; Mona Harb (2013). Leisurely Islam: Negotiating Geography and Morality in Shi'ite South Beirut. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-1-4008-4856-0.
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