Tilocálar

Tilocalar
Highest point
Elevation 3,116 m (10,223 ft) [1]
Coordinates 23°58′S 68°08′W / 23.97°S 68.13°W / -23.97; -68.13 [1]

Tilocalar are two volcanoes in the Central Volcanic Zone of the Andes. They are constructed on Pleistocene ignimbrites and are 3.5 kilometres (2.2 mi) afar. Tilocálar Sur (23°58′36″S 68°7′30″W / 23.97667°S 68.12500°W / -23.97667; -68.12500) is a 3,116 metres (10,223 ft) high polygenetic volcano and has an explosion crater one kilometre to the south. Two other craters are also present along a graben. Four basaltic andesite-andesite lava flows emanate from it. Tilocálar Norte (23°55′42″S 68°6′18″W / 23.92833°S 68.10500°W / -23.92833; -68.10500) is a 3,040 metres (9,970 ft) high monogenetic system and generated northbound lava flows that run along the eastern wall of the Callejón de Tilocálar. Based on the age of the underlying Tucucaro ignimbrite (3.2 mya) the volcano is less than 3.2 million years old. An andesitic dyke swarm is associated with this system.[1][2][3]

Petrologically, both edifices have erupted calc-alkaline magmas with high potassium contents, but beyond that the chemistries of the northern and southern volcano are fairly dissimilar. Potassium-argon dating has yielded one age of less than one million years.[4]

An alternative view is that at least one of these craters along with Cerro Tujle are meteorite craters rather than volcanic. The crater in question is 300 by 400 metres (980 ft × 1,310 ft) wide and 50 metres (160 ft) deep.[5] It does not appear to have meteorite crater features, however.[4]

References

  1. 1 2 3 "Tilocalar". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved 14 September 2015.
  2. ↑ Kuhn, Dirk (August 2002). "Fold and thrust belt structures and strike-slip faulting at the SE margin of the Salar de Atacama basin, Chilean Andes". Tectonics. 21 (4): 8–1–8–17. Bibcode:2002Tecto..21.1026K. doi:10.1029/2001TC901042. Retrieved 14 September 2015.
  3. ↑ González, Gabriel; Cembrano, José; Aron, Felipe; Veloso, Eugenio E.; Shyu, J. Bruce H. (December 2009). "Coeval compressional deformation and volcanism in the central Andes, case studies from northern Chile (23°S-24°S)". Tectonics. 28 (6). Bibcode:2009Tecto..28.6003G. doi:10.1029/2009TC002538. Retrieved 14 September 2015.
  4. 1 2 Gardeweg, Moyra; Ramirez, Carlos. "Geologia de los volcanes del Callejon de Tilocalar" (PDF). biblioserver.sernageomin.cl. SERNAGEOMIN. Retrieved 8 December 2017.
  5. ↑ Ferrando A., F. (1977). "TWO UNKNOWN METEOR CRATERS IN ANTOFAGASTA REGION, NORTHERN CHILE". Revista Geográfica (85): 210–212. JSTOR 40993113.
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