Thondaimandala Mudaliar

Thondaimandala Saiva Vellala Mudaliar
Regions with significant populations
Tondai Nadu, Chola Nadu
Languages
Tamil
Religion
Hinduism
Related ethnic groups
Karkathar, Tirunelveli Saiva Pillai, Tamil people

Thondaimandala Mudaliar is a vegetarian, Forward caste in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Sekkizhar, the author of the Periyapuranam, was from this community.

History

Sangam and Medieval Tamil literature

Sekkizhar, one of the most prominent members of this community, is referred to as Ganga-Kula Tilaka, and his lineage is extolled in various pieces of medieval Tamil literature, the most notable among them being his biography by Umapati Sivacharya.[1][2][3] He was born in Kunrattur and would soon rise to become the Chief Minister of Kulothunga Chola II.[4][5][6][7]

Migration

48,000 Vellalars migrated from banks of river ganga in north India with the Chola King Karikala Chola (ruled around 270 BCE) after he conquered many kingdoms north of vindhya from the Kurumbars, a nomadic tribe also known as the Aruvalars.Some sangam age literature gives an account of this arrival and fixes the date to 950 B.C.E, from same ganga-yamuna region during the time of takshasila university. A sangam age chola king called muchukundan's name is also mentioned.The fact that sekkizhaar's name is gangayar(one who is from banks of ganga) establishes this fact. He parcelled out the land to the Vellalar chiefs, now known as the Thondaimandala Mudaliars,[8][9][10] and divided the territory into 24 Kottams or districts:[10] Pulal, Puliyur, Eekadu, Manavur, Chenkkadu, Payur, Eyil, Thamal, Uttukadu, Kalathur, Chembur, Amur, Eethoor, Venkundram, Palkunram, Ilankadu, Kaliyur, Chriukarai, Paduvur, Kadikai, Chenthirukai, Kunrapattiram, and Venkadam Velur.[10]

Ceremonies

The members of this community held the right of handing over the crown at the time of coronation ceremony (mudi-sootu vizha) of kings and religious heads.[11] In the Tamil classical literature, Kamba-ramayana, Kavi-chakravarthy Kambar stated that "the great sage Vashista took the crown from ancestors of Sadayappa Vallal and crowned the King Rama".

Notable people

Historical

  • Sekkizhar, the author of the Tamil hagiography Periyapuranam or The Great Purana consisting of the life stories of the 63 Tamil Saiva Saints or the Nayanars[12]
  • Sadayappa Vallal, a rich 12th-century Vellala chief who had residences at Puduvai and Thiruvenainallur. He was known for his philanthropic activities. He was a close friend and a patron of Tamil national poet Kambar[13][14]
  • Andaka Kaviviraraghava Mudaliar was a poet of the 16th century[15]

Politics

References

Citations

  1. ↑ The Cōḷas By Kallidaikurichi Aiyah Nilakanta Sastri
  2. ↑ Kalhār (white water-lily): studies in art, iconography, architecture, and archaeology of India and Bangladesh, p. 367
  3. ↑ Kalhār (white water-lily): studies in art, iconography, architecture, and archaeology of India and Bangladesh, p. 366
  4. ↑ A Topographical List of Inscriptions in the Tamil Nadu and Kerala States: Tiruchchirappalli District, page 388
  5. ↑ Tamil culture, Volume 5, p. 291
  6. ↑ Saiva siddhanta, Volume 15, page 26
  7. ↑ The grand epic of Saivism
  8. ↑ The economic history of India, Volume 1, p. 161: Karikala The Great defeated the Aruvalar and ... distributed the conquered lands to the Vellala chiefs, who were his relatives.
  9. ↑ An agrarian history of South Asia, Part 4, Volume 4, p. 100: Vellala gentry on the north Tamil coast trace their origins to a royal Chola ancestor who migrated north with 48,000 Vellala families, conquering Kurumba hunters.
  10. 1 2 3 The Tamils Eighteen Hundred Years Ago by V. Kanakasabhai
  11. ↑ This fact can be seen from old Tamil classical literature "Thirukkaivazhakkam" which states "mangaiyoru bhagarkum, madhavarkum, mannavarkum thunga mudiyai sootumkai (the hands that hand over the crown to kings/religious heads at the time of coronation ceremony)".
  12. ↑ Criminal Gods and Demon Devotees by Alf Hiltebeitel
  13. ↑ A primer of Tamil literature By M. S. Purnalingam Pillai
  14. ↑ Ancient Jaffna: being a research into the history of Jaffna from very early times to the Portug[u]ese period, C. Rasanayagam
  15. ↑ A History of Culture by T. K. Venkataraman, University of Madras

Bibliography

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  • Early Chola temples: Parantaka I to Rajaraja I, A.D. 907-985 By S. R. Balasubrahmanyam
  • South Indian inscriptions, Volume 13 By Eugen Hultzsch, India. Archaeological Survey, India. Dept. of Archaeology
  • Journal of Tamil studies, Issues 29-30 By International Association of Tamil Research, International Institute of Tamil Studies
  • Enamul Haque, Gouriswar Bhattacharya, Kalhār (white water-lily): studies in art, iconography, architecture, and archaeology of India and Bangladesh
  • Hemakuta: Recent Researches in Archaeology and Museology : Shri C.T.M. Kotraiah Felicitation Volume, A. V. Narasimha Murthy, ISBN 81-86050-66-3, ISBN 978-81-86050-66-8
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  • Indian archaeological heritage: Shri K.V. Soundara Rajan festschrift, Volume 1 By K. V. Soundara Rajan, Chedarambattu Margabandhu
  • The economic history of India, Volume 1 By Abdul Qadir Husaini
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  • The History and Culture of the Indian People: The classical age By Ramesh Chandra Majumdar, Achut Dattatrya Pusalker, A. K. Majumdar, Dilip Kumar Ghose, Vishvanath Govind Dighe, Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan
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  • Ramakrishna Gopal Bhandarkar as an indologist: a symposium By Sir Ramkrishna Gopal Bhandarkar
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Further reading

  • Thondaimandala Mudaliars Vamsavali (1st & 2nd editions),
  • Thondainadum athan tholkudiyum by Sri.C.S.Kannayiram,
  • The great temple of Madurai published by Arulmigu Meenakshi Sundareswarar Thirukkoil, Madurai
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