Thomas Crawford (sculptor)

Thomas Crawford
Thomas Crawford, 1846
Born Thomas Gibson Crawford
March 22, 1814
New York City, New York, U.S.
Died October 10, 1857
Occupation Sculptor
Spouse(s)
Louisa Cutler Ward
(m. 1844; his death 1857)
Children 4, including Francis and Mary
Parent(s) Aaron Crawford
Mary Gibson

Thomas Gibson Crawford (March 22, 1814 – October 10, 1857) was an American sculptor who is best known for his numerous artistic contributions to the United States Capitol.

Early life

Crawford was born in New York City in 1814, of Irish parentage, the son of Aaron and Mary (née Gibson) Crawford.[1] In his early years, he was at school with Page, the artist. His proficiency in his studies was hindered by the exuberance of his fancy, which took form in drawings and carvings. His love of art led him, at the age of 19, to enter the New York City studios of John Frazee and Robert Eberhard Launitz, artists and artificers in marble.[2]

In 1834, he went abroad for the promotion of artistic studies, and in the summer of 1835 took up his residence in Rome, for life as it proved. Launitz had provided Crawford with a letter of introduction to Bertel Thorwaldsen and upon arriving in Rome, Crawford became a pupil of Thorwaldsen.[3] Under his guidance, Crawford devoted himself to the study both of the antique and of living models.[4]

Career

David Triumphant, marble and bronze, 1848, in the National Gallery of Art
Washington Monument, Richmond, Virginia

His first ideal work was a group of Orpheus and Cerberus, executed in 1839, and purchased, some years later, for the Boston Athenaeum, and now displayed at the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. This was followed by a succession of groups, single figures, and bas-reliefs, whose rapid production bore witness to the fertility as well as the versatility of his genius. Among these are Adam and Eve and a bust of Josiah Quincy, in 1900 in the Boston Athenaeum; Hebe and Ganymede, presented to the Boston Museum of Fine Arts by C. C. Perkins, and a bronze statue of Beethoven, presented by the same gentleman to the Boston Music Hall, which now resides at the New England Conservatory; Babes in the Wood, in the Lenox Library; Mercury and Psyche; Flora, now in the gallery of the late Mrs. A. T. Stewart; an Indian girl; Dancing Jenny, modelled from his own daughter; and a statue of James Otis, which once adorned the chapel at Mount Auburn Cemetery, Cambridge. In 1838, he was elected into the National Academy of Design as an Honorary Academician.

Bust of Charles Brooks (1795-1872), pastor, 1843 Marble
Peri at the Gates of Paradise, by Thomas Crawford, modeled 1854, carved by 1859, Corcoran Gallery of Art

In 1849, while on a visit to this country, he received from the state of Virginia an order for a monument to be erected in Richmond. He immediately returned to Rome and began the work, of which the design was a star of five rays, each one of these bearing a statue of some historic Virginian, Patrick Henry and Thomas Jefferson among the number. The work is surmounted by a plinth, on which stands an equestrian statue of George Washington. These statues, modeled in Rome, were cast at a Munich foundry.[4]

U.S. Capitol

Crawford's most important works after these were ordered by the federal government for the United States Capitol at Washington. First among these was a marble pediment bearing life-size figures symbolical of the progress of American civilization; next in order came a bronze figure Freedom Triumphant in War and Peace which surmounts the dome; and last of these, and of his life-work, was a bronze door on which are modelled various scenes in the public life of Washington. Prominent among Crawford's works was also his statue of an Indian chief, much admired by the English sculptor Gibson, who proposed that a bronze copy of it should be retained in Rome as a lasting monument.[4]

His major accomplishments include the figure above the dome of the United States Capitol entitled Freedom Triumphant in War and Peace, the Revolutionary War Door in the House wing, and the bronze doors and pediment statues for the Senate wing. He was only able to begin the bas-reliefs for the bronze doors, which were afterwards completed by W. H. Rinehart.

Personal life

In 1844, he married to Louisa Cutler Ward, a sister of Julia Ward Howe, and by her had four children, including:

In politics he was a liberal, in religion a Protestant, in character generous and kindly, and adverse to discords, professional or social.[4]

Crawford began experiencing significant deterioration in his vision in 1856, which ended his career. He sought medical treatment in Paris, Rome, and London, and physicians discovered cancer of the eye and cancer of the brain. He died in London on October 10, 1857. His body was returned to the United States, and he was buried in Green-Wood Cemetery in Brooklyn, New York.[7]

Works

References

Notes
  1. ↑ Gale 1964, p. 5.
  2. ↑ Tolles, Thayer (2000). "Modeling a Reputation: The American Sculptor and New York City". In Voorsanger, Catherine Hoover; Howat, John K. Art and the Empire City, New York, 1825-1861. pp. 147–148. ISBN 0-87099-957-5.
  3. ↑ "Thomas B. Crawford, American (1813 - 1857)". Ro Gallery.
  4. 1 2 3 4 Appletons' 1900.
  5. ↑ Jozef Rogala (2001). A Collector's Guide to Books on Japan in English. Routledge. pp. xiii. ISBN 1-873410-90-5.
  6. ↑ "FRASER, Mrs. Hugh". Who's Who. Vol. 59. 1907. p. 636.
  7. ↑ Gale 2003, p. 51.
Sources
  •  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Crawford, Thomas". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
  • Gale, Robert L. (1964). Thomas Crawford: American Sculptor. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press. ISBN 031332350X.
  • Gale, Robert L. (2003). A Henry Wadsworth Longfellow Companion. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press. ISBN 031332350X.
  •  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Howe, Julia Ward (1900). "Crawford, Thomas". In Wilson, James Grant; Fiske, John. Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography. New York: D. Appleton.
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