The Killing of Sister George (film)

The Killing of Sister George
Original film poster
Directed by Robert Aldrich
Produced by Robert Aldrich[1]
Written by Lukas Heller
Frank Marcus (play)[1]
Starring
[1]
Music by Gerald Fried[1]
Cinematography Joseph F. Biroc
Edited by Michael Luciano
Production
companies
  • Palomar Pictures International
  • The Associates and Aldrich
[1]
Distributed by Cinerama Releasing Corporation
Release date
  • 12 December 1968 (1968-12-12)
Running time
 138 minutes
Country United States
Language English
Budget $2,550,000[2][3]
Box office $5,325,000[2]

The Killing of Sister George is a 1968 film directed by Robert Aldrich based on the 1964 play by Frank Marcus. In the film, an ageing lesbian television actress, June "George" Buckridge (Beryl Reid, reprising her role from the stage play), simultaneously faces the loss of her popular television role and the breakdown of her long-term relationship with a younger woman (Susannah York). Although Marcus's play was a black comedy,[4] the film version was marketed as a "shocking drama";[5] it added explicit lesbian content that was not in the original play,[6] and was presented as a serious treatment of lesbianism.[7]

Plot

Middle-aged actress June Buckridge (Reid) plays "Sister George", a lovable motor scooter-riding health care provider and local sage, in a fictional long-running BBC television soap opera, Applehurst. She has been with the show for years and is so identified with her character that she is nicknamed "George". Off-screen, June is outspoken, ribald, cigar-smoking and frequently inebriated, unlike her kindly on-screen persona. Although June has been popular with viewers in the past, several Applehurst characters have recently died, causing June to worry that Sister George may be next. Her worry affects her already volatile relationship with her live-in lover, a younger, beautiful woman named Alice (York), whom June calls "Childie". Childlike Alice plays with dolls, writes poetry, and has a minor fashion industry job, but relies on June for most of her financial and emotional support. Domineering June is alternately affectionate toward Alice and abusive to her, and reacts jealously when Alice spends time with other men or women. Alice rebels by talking back to June and refusing to play along with a "contrition" game in which June makes her kneel and eat a cigar butt.

After an Applehurst colleague jokes about Sister George possibly dying on the show, June walks out on a script reading, gets drunk, and forces herself into a taxi alongside two young Catholic nuns, whom she sexually assaults, resulting in the taxi having an accident in a busy intersection. The nuns' Mother Superior and the Archbishop complain to the BBC, causing powerful network producer Mrs. Croft (Coral Browne) to visit June at home and lecture her about her behaviour and her attitude at work. When June balks at apologizing for the incident, Mrs. Croft makes clear that her future at the network depends on her apologizing and changing her ways. Mrs. Croft further infuriates June by taking an interest in Alice, complimenting her cooking and encouraging her poetic aspirations. At the next script reading, June finds that Sister George has been temporarily written out of the show with an illness, seemingly as punishment for June, and raising the possibility that her character will not recover.

June's spirits improve when she receives the next script, showing that Sister George has recovered and returned to riding her motor scooter. June and Alice go to a party at a local lesbian nightclub, to which she jokingly invites Mrs. Croft. Halfway through the party, when June is already annoyed by Alice dancing with another woman, Mrs. Croft arrives to tell June in person that Sister George will die by being hit by a delivery truck. After June storms off, Mrs. Croft invites Alice to meet with her to further discuss Alice's poetry. On June's last day of filming for Applehurst, Alice untruthfully says she cannot meet June for lunch because she is busy at work. June, upset, tries to sabotage her fellow actors' performances and to drag out the filming as long as possible; afterward, she finds out that Alice lied to her in order to meet with Mrs. Croft.

At her farewell cast party, June makes a scene, insulting the senior network executive, pouring drinks over a rival actor, and finally exploding in front of the guests when Mrs. Croft offers her a new role as the voice of a talking cow on a children's cartoon show. She confronts Mrs. Croft and Alice, who leave the party together and return to Alice and June's apartment. Mrs. Croft persuades Alice to leave and stay with her in order to avoid June's wrath, and offers to help Alice further her writing ambitions. Alice and Mrs. Croft end up having sex in Alice's bedroom, and June catches them in the act; this leads to a final confrontation in which June reveals that Alice is actually 32 years old and the mother of a teenage daughter, whom she abandoned. Alice leaves with Mrs. Croft, dropping her key in the letter box to show she will not return. Left alone, June wanders onto the deserted Applehurst set, destroying equipment and props and uttering "Mooo".

Cast

Adaptation and production

Lukas Heller wrote the screenplay for the 1968 feature film based on the 1964 play of the same name by Frank Marcus. Although Bette Davis and Angela Lansbury were both offered the role of June "George" Buckridge, the filmmakers ultimately cast Beryl Reid, who had played the part in the original cast production. In the movie, Applehurst was changed from a radio programme to a television soap opera, and the lesbian themes of the story were made more explicit, most notably by adding the sex scene between Alice and Mrs. Croft that is not in the stage play.

A number of scenes were filmed on location in London. The opening sequence shows June drinking at The Holly Bush public house, before wandering through the streets and alleyways of Hampstead west of Heath Street, and emerging at Hammersmith Bridge. The nightclub party sequence was filmed at the Gateways Club, a real-life lesbian nightclub then located in Chelsea. The Killing of Sister George was the first film to portray the interior of a lesbian nightclub.[8] The exterior scenes outside June's and her neighbour's flats were filmed in Knightsbridge.

In Caviar To The General, a UK Channel 4 documentary celebrating the life and career of Coral Browne, broadcast in December 1990, Browne claimed that the sex scene was filmed multiple times, once with herself and Susannah York on set together and then on further occasions with only one of the two actresses present. Browne claimed that York was very upset about filming the scene and claimed she was eating grapes to stop herself from vomiting, thus she was relieved when Aldrich recalled her for further filming where he encouraged Browne to "make love to the camera".

Release

Between the time The Killing of Sister George started filming and ended production, the United States movie industry instituted the new MPAA film rating system. Largely on the basis of the graphic sex scene between Alice and Mrs. Croft, The Killing of Sister George received an X rating, which limited its screening in US cinemas and ability to be advertised in mainstream newspapers. Aldrich spent $75,000 battling the rating, but his lawsuit was dismissed, and the film died at the box office.

In the UK, the film also had considerable censorship problems, with BBFC chief John Trevelyan demanding some dialogue changes and the complete removal of the sex scene; this led to a standoff between Aldrich and the BBFC. The Greater London Council and 11 other councils allowed the film to be shown with lesser cuts to the scene, and Trevelyan finally passed a cut version for countrywide release in 1970. All subsequent home releases of the film have been fully uncut.

The Committee for the Theatrical Review of the Italian Ministry of Cultural Heritage and Activities also rated the film as VM18, not suitable for children under 18, in addition to mandating the removal of two scenes involving a kiss between women, and one scene where Mrs. Croft caresses Alice's breast.[9]

Since its theatrical release, the film has been shown a number of times on British television, although sometimes with the sex scene deleted. Rarely seen on American television, it was broadcast uncut by Turner Classic Movies as part of a June 2007 salute to gay cinema.

Box office and critical response

The movie earned rentals of $3.45 million in North America and $1.875 million in other countries. However, because of its high cost, it recorded an overall loss of $750,000.[2] In France it had admissions of 46,638.[10] Critical response was also generally unfavorable, as in the case of Renata Adler, not just for displaying lesbians, but also for actress performances and the camera work.[11]

Beryl Reid was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture Actress in a Drama.

DVD

The Killing of Sister George was released to Region 1 DVD by MGM Home Video on 23 August 2005.

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 "The Killing of Sister George (1968)". Film Forever. BFI. Retrieved 12 November 2014.
  2. 1 2 3 "ABC's 5 Years of Film Production Profits & Losses", Variety, 31 May 1973 p 3
  3. ↑ Alain Silver and James Ursini, Whatever Happened to Robert Aldrich?, Limelight, 1995 p 376
  4. ↑ Heilpern, John (2008) [2006]. John Osborne: The Many Lives of the Angry Young Man (Vintage Books ed.). New York: Random House. p. 306. ISBN 978-0-375-70295-2.
  5. ↑ Hadleigh, Boze (2001) [1993]. The Lavender Screen: Lesbian Films: Their Stars, Makers, Characters, and Critics (Citadel Press (revised and updated) ed.). New York: Kensington Publishing Corp. pp. 54–56. ISBN 0806521996.
  6. ↑ Bourne, Stephen (2016) [1996]. Brief Encounters: Lesbians and Gays in British Cinema 1930–1971. London: Bloomsbury Academic. p. 212. ISBN 9781474291347.
  7. ↑ Gross, Larry (2012). Up From Invisibility: Lesbians, Gay Men, and the Media in America. New York: Columbia University Press. p. 62. ISBN 9780231529327. The Killing of Sister George (1968) and The Boys in the Band (1970) were presented by the producers and accepted by the critics as unflinching glimpses of gay life[.]
  8. ↑ Hankin, Kelly (Fall 2001). "Lesbian Locations: The Production of Lesbian Bar Space in the Killing of Sister George". Cinema Journal.
  9. ↑ Italia Taglia Database of the documents produced by the Committee for the Theatrical Review of The Italian Ministry of Cultural Heritage and Activities, from 1944 to 2000: Document N° 54435 signed on 13 September 1969 by Minister Franco Evangelisti.
  10. ↑ French box office results for Robert Aldrich films at Box Office Story
  11. ↑ Adler, Renata. "Movie Review - - Screen: 'Sister George':Robert Aldrich Directs Film of Marcus Play - NYTimes.com". www.nytimes.com. Retrieved 2016-05-06.
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