The Happy Prince and Other Tales

First edition

The Happy Prince and Other Tales (sometimes called The Happy Prince and Other Stories) is a collection of stories for children by Oscar Wilde first published in May 1888. It contains five stories: "The Happy Prince", "The Nightingale and the Rose", "The Selfish Giant", "The Devoted Friend", and "The Remarkable Rocket".

"The Happy Prince"

Plate 1 for the first edition by Walter Crane

In a town where a lot of poor people suffer and where there are a lot of miseries, a swallow who was left behind after his flock flew off to Egypt for the winter, meets the statue of the late "Happy Prince," who in reality has never experienced true sorrow, for he lived in a palace where sorrow was not allowed to enter. Viewing various scenes of people suffering in poverty from his tall monument, the Happy Prince asks the swallow to take the ruby from his hilt, the sapphires from his eyes, and the golden leaf covering his body to give to the poor. As the winter comes and the Happy Prince is stripped of all of his beauty, his lead heart breaks when the swallow dies as a result of his selfless deeds and severe cold. The statue is then brought down from the pillar and melted in a furnace leaving behind the broken heart and the dead swallow, and they are thrown in a dust heap. These are taken up to heaven by an angel that has deemed them the two most precious things in the city. This is affirmed by God and they live forever in his city of gold and garden of paradise.

Adaptations

  • A radio drama adaption by Columbia Workshop was broadcast on 26 December 1936.
  • Another radio version was broadcast in the Philco Radio Hall of Fame on 24 December 1944. This featured Orson Welles (narrator), Bing Crosby (as The Prince) and Lureen Tuttle as The Swallow.[1]
  • A record album called The Happy Prince was recorded on August 21, 1945[2] and issued in 1946 by American Decca Records, with Orson Welles narrating and Bing Crosby as the Prince.[3]
  • In 1968 the British group Bee Gees publish the song "When the Swallows fly" with clear references to The Happy Prince tale.
  • In 1969 New Zealand group The La De Das recorded and performed a rock opera based on the story. Band members Bruce Howard and Trevor Wilson conceived the idea in 1967, composing the music with Australian poet Adrian Rawlins narrating the story.
  • An animated film adaptation of the story was produced in 1974, starring Glynis Johns as the swallow and Christopher Plummer as the Prince.[4]
  • Happily Ever After: Fairy Tales for Every Child presented a version of the title story set in New York City featuring Ed Koch as the Happy Prince (who was the statue of the city's previous mayor) and Cyndi Lauper as a streetwise pigeon named "Pidge" (in place of the Swallow).
  • Leo the Lion Records released a reading of the story performed by Richard Kiley on a recording (#GD01603) including a dramatization of "The Magic Fishbone" by Charles Dickens featuring Julie Harris and Ian Martin and a reading of Rudyard Kipling's story "The Potted Princess" performed by Ms. Harris.
  • McDull, Prince de la Bun was partially based on this story.
  • In 2012 the Irish composer Vincent Kennedy and playwright John Nee adapted the story for narrator, chorus and orchestra. The Happy Prince was premiered in County Donegal, Ireland in April 2012 with John Nee narrating and acting and Vincent Kennedy conducting and performing. It was broadcast on RTÉ Junior.[5]
  • A 1992 musical written by Sue Casson based on the story.[6]
  • In 2014, composer Stephen DeCesare released and published his adaption of the "Happy Prince" as a children's musical. "The Happy Prince Home Page". Retrieved 2005-01-07.
  • In 2015, Irish singer/songwriter Oliver Cole released a song called "The Happy Prince" with vocals from Gemma Hayes on his album "Year of the Bird". "Year of the Bird – Oliver Cole". Retrieved 2015-01-08.
  • In 2014, Brisbane composer Simon Chan recorded his production as a children's musical featuring members of Opera Queensland Meg Kiddle (the Narrator), D'Arne Sleeman (Chorus), Bernard Wheaton (the Swallow), Patrick Oxley (the Happy Prince), and accompanied by Mark Leung.
  • In 2016, British-Canadian composer Tony Matthews composed an operetta version for children which premiered in Calgary, Alberta, Canada, on December 4, 2016. "The Happy Prince".

"The Nightingale and the Rose"

A nightingale overhears a student complaining that the professor's daughter will not dance with him, as he is unable to give her a red rose. The nightingale visits all the rose-trees in the garden, and one of the roses tells her there is a way to produce a red rose, but only if the nightingale is prepared to sing the sweetest song for the rose all night with her heart pressing into a thorn, sacrificing her life. Seeing the student in tears, and valuing his human life above her bird life, the nightingale carries out the ritual. She impales herself on the rose-tree's thorn so that her heart's blood can stain the rose. The student takes the rose to the professor's daughter, but she again rejects him because another man has sent her some real jewels and "everybody knows that jewels cost far more than flowers." The student angrily throws the rose into the gutter, returns to his study of metaphysics, and decides not to believe in true love anymore.

Adaptations

There are many adaptations of this story in the form of operas and ballets. These include:

  • One-act opera by Renzo Bossi, an Italian composer, in one act, Op. 18, 1910 (libretto by Bossi, after Wilde,: The Nightingale and the Rose), Italian Radio Turin, 9 August 1938; staged Parma, Teatro Regio, 9 January 1940).
  • A cantata by Henry Hadley, an American composer and conductor, The Nightingale and the Rose, (libretto E.W. Grant), Op. 54, S, SSAA, orchestra (New York, 1911)
  • An opera by Hooper Brewster-Jones, an Australian composer, The Nightingale and the Rose, 1927 (after Wilde of which only an orchestral suite survives.
  • A ballet by Harold Fraser-Simson, an English composer, The Nightingale and the Rose, (based on Wilde) (1927).
  • A ballet by Janis Kalnins, a Canadian composer and conductor of Latvian parentage. Lakstigala un roze [The Nightingale and the Rose], (after Oscar Wilde), Riga, 1938.
  • A ballet by Friedrich Voss, a German composer and pianist Die Nachtigall und die Rose (G. Furtwängler, after Oscar Wilde), 1961; Oberhausen, 5 January 1962.
  • An opera by Jonathan Rutherford, a British composer – The Nightingale and the Rose, (after Wilde, 1966.
  • One-act opera by Margaret Garwood, an American composer The Nightingale and the Rose, (libretto by Garwood, after Oscar Wilde, Chester, Widener College Alumni Auditorium, 21 Oct 1973
  • One-act chamber opera by Elena Firsova, a Russian composer, Op. 46 (1991) The Nightingale and the Rose, (libretto by Firsova, after Oscar Wilde, premiered on 8 July 1994 at Almeida Theatre, Almeida Opera.
  • One-act ballet by David Earl, a South African composer – The Nightingale and the Rose, 1983
  • A short film adaptation by Del Kathryn Barton with filmmaker Brenda Fletcher in 2015 that was screened at the Melbourne Writer's Festival.

"The Selfish Giant"

Plate 2 for the first edition by Walter Crane

The Selfish Giant owns a beautiful garden which has 12 peach trees and lovely fragrant flowers, in which children love to play after returning from the school. On the giant's return from seven years visiting his friend the Cornish Ogre, he takes offence at the children and builds a wall to keep them out. He put a notice board "TRESPASSERS WILL BE PROSECUTED". The garden falls into perpetual winter. One day, the giant is awakened by a linnet, and discovers that spring has returned to the garden, as the children have found a way in through a gap in the wall. He sees the error of his ways, and resolves to destroy the wall. However, when he emerges from his castle, all the children run away except for one boy who was trying to climb a tree. The giant helps this boy into the tree and announces: "It is your garden now, little children," and knocks down the wall. The children once more play in the garden, and spring returns. But the boy that the Giant helped does not return and the Giant is heartbroken. Many years later after happily playing with the children all the time, the Giant is old and feeble. One winter morning, he awakes to see the trees in one part of his garden in full blossom. He descends from the castle to discover the boy that he once helped lying beneath a beautiful white tree that the Giant has never seen before. The Giant sees that the boy bears the stigmata. He does not realise that the boy is actually the Christ Child and is furious that somebody has wounded him.

Shortly afterwards, the happy giant dies. That same afternoon, his body is found lying under the tree, covered in blossoms.

Adaptations

English singer and composer Liza Lehmann wrote the recitation The Selfish Giant in 1911.[7]

English light music composer Eric Coates wrote the orchestral Phantasy The Selfish Giant in 1925.[8] In 1933–1934, violinist-composer Jenő Hubay adapted the story into a Hungarian language opera, Az önző óriás (Der selbstsüchtige Riese), Op. 124. The libretto was written by László Márkus and Jenő Mohácsi.

A record album was produced in the 1940s by American Decca, narrated by Fredric March, with a full unnamed supporting cast.

In 1971, Peter Sander wrote and produced an animated version of The Selfish Giant for CTV in Canada. The music was by Ron Goodwin. It was nominated at the 44th Academy Awards (1972) in the Animated Short Subject category, one of only three films to receive a nomination. It was first broadcast in November that year.[9]

In the 1990s, the Australian team of composer Graeme Koehne and choreographer Graeme Murphy created a children's ballet based on The Selfish Giant.

In the 1997 film Wilde, based on the life of the author, portions of The Selfish Giant are woven in, with Wilde and his wife telling the story to their children, the portions reflecting on his relationship with them and others: the sadness of the children who can no longer play in the giant's garden is reflected in that of Wilde's sons as their beloved father spends more time with his lovers than with them.

In 2009, composer Stephen DeCesare adapted the "Selfish Giant" as a musical.

In 2010, composer Dan Goeller wrote an orchestral interpretation of the story. That same year Chris Beatrice created new illustrations for the story. In 2011 they released a combination of a CD containing the orchestration and new narration by Martin Jarvis, plus the newly illustrated book.

In 2010, UK composer Howard Goodall wrote a version, to a commission from the Brighton Festival, for narrator, children's choir and orchestra.

An illustrated and abridged version was published in 2013 by Alexis Deacon.

The Selfish Giant is a 2013 British drama film directed by Clio Barnard, inspired by and loosely based on the Oscar Wilde story.

"The Devoted Friend"

Hans was a little man who owned a beautiful garden where he grew flowers of all kinds and colours which were sold in the market to make some money. He enjoyed the company of another man called Hugh, a miller who used to visit Hans very often during the summer time and with whom he shared thoughts about friendship and loyalty. Hans was so devoted to Hugh that he even gifted him whole bunches of flowers from his own garden. However, when winter came Hans found himself in a very difficult situation as his flowers wouldn't flourish anymore until the following spring. Since his main source of money wasn't available he lived off the profits he had made during the summer, but one winter was so stark that he had to sell some of his useful gardening tools, including his wheelbarrow and some silver buttons. Meanwhile, the miller lived comfortably in his own house and avoided visiting his friend or helping him in any way not to make him jealous and spoil, if not break, their friendship. Finally a new season came and it was time for Hans to pick some of his newly flowered roses and daffodils and sell them. Nevertheless, he couldn't because he had sold his wheelbarrow. Hugh finally visited him after a long time and hearing about his problem he decides to kindly gift him one of his old wheelbarrows in exchange of a few favours. Hans accepted the deal but the unceasing requests of the miller kept him so busy that he couldn't even take care of his own garden! One day Hans was asked to go and seek a doctor for Hugh's son who had hurt himself, but it was a stormy and rainy night and he could barely see where he was going. After finding the doctor, on the way back home he got lost and drowned in a hole full of water. Hugh, of course, attended Hans's funeral and concluded with the following sentence: “A great loss to me at any rate," answered the Miller; "why, I had as good as given him my wheelbarrow, and now I really don't know what to do with it. It is very much in my way at home, and it is in such bad repair that I could not get anything for it if I sold it. I will certainly take care not to give away anything again. One always suffers for being generous."

"The Remarkable Rocket"

This story concerns a firework, who is one of many to be let off at the wedding of a prince and princess. The rocket is extremely pompous and self-important, and denigrates all the other fireworks, eventually bursting into tears to demonstrate his "sensitivity". As this makes him wet, he fails to ignite, and, the next day, is thrown away into a ditch. He still believes that he is destined for great public importance, and treats a frog, dragonfly, and duck that meet him with appropriate disdain. Two boys find him, and use him for fuel on their camp-fire. The rocket is finally lit and explodes, but nobody observes him – the only effect he has is to frighten a goose with his falling stick.

"The Remarkable Rocket", unlike the other stories in the collection, contains a large number of Wildean epigrams:

"Conversation, indeed!" said the Rocket. "You have talked the whole time yourself. That is not conversation."
"Somebody must listen," answered the Frog, "and I like to do all the talking myself. It saves time, and prevents arguments."
"But I like arguments," said the Rocket.
"I hope not," said the Frog complacently. "Arguments are extremely vulgar, for everybody in good society holds exactly the same opinions."

See also

References

  1. ↑ Pairpoint, Lionel. "And Here's Bing". BING magazine. International Club Crosby. Retrieved September 4, 2015.
  2. ↑ "A Bing Crosby Discography". BING magazine. International Club Crosby. Retrieved September 10, 2017.
  3. ↑ "Orson Welles & Bing Crosby – The Happy Prince (1946) (Part 1)". YouTube. 2009-06-13. Retrieved 2013-09-25.
  4. ↑ "The Happy Prince". 2 December 1974 – via www.imdb.com.
  5. ↑ "RTÉjr – Listen". Rte.ie. Retrieved 2013-09-25.
  6. ↑ "English Cabaret". www.englishcabaret.co.uk.
  7. ↑ "The Selfish Giant". Chappell & Co. Retrieved 2016-03-28.
  8. ↑ "Orchestral Works of Eric Coates". Musicweb-international.com. Retrieved 2013-09-25.
  9. ↑ "The Selfish Giant (1972) Theatrical Cartoon". Bcdb.com. Retrieved 2013-09-25.
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