The Dream of a Summer Day

Urashima and Irish legend

Commetators have noted a parallel between the underlying Japanese fairy tale of Urashima Tarō and the Irish legend around Oisín and the fairy princess of the sea,^{[lower-alpha 1][4]} and Hearn might have recalled this legend in writing the piece, even though he does not explicitly state this.^[5]

Hearn's biographer Paul Murray has identified it as an "enchanted memory" of his beloved aunt, Catherine Frances Elwood, the elder sister of his Irish father,^[6] even though other commentators have assumed it was about his parting with his Greek mother, née Rosa Antonia Cassimati.^{[lower-alpha 2][9][10]}

Hearn and the Manyo poem of Urashima

Although most commentators stress Hearn's identification with the Urashima figure, Hearn may have also empathized with the ancient poet of the Man'yōshū who recounted the even older legend of Urashima.^[11] For Hearn's essay begins in the same way: he starts by describing the scenery of Misumi, Kumamoto where he was then staying, and drifts into the tale of Urashima; likewise, the ancient poet opens by describing the scenery of Suminoe (Suminoe-ku, Osaka), then launches into his musings about the Urashima legend.^[12][13] Hearn's Misumi was not anywhere near the spot of the legend, however, he happened to be staying at an inn named "Urashima-ya".^[14] The identity of the ancient poet was unknown to Hearn, but scholars have determined the author of this poem have been Takahashi no Mushimaro..^[15]