Talodi–Heiban languages

Talodi–Heiban
Geographic
distribution		 Nuba Hills, Sudan
Linguistic classification Niger–Congo
Subdivisions
Glottolog None
narr1279  (Talodi)[1]
heib1242  (Heiban)[2]
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The Talodi–Heiban languages are a branch of the Niger–Congo family spoken in the Nuba Mountains of Sudan. The Talodi languages and Heiban languages are clearly distinct but relatively closely related.[3]

Classification

Roger Blench (2016) notes that the Talodi and Heiban branches share many typological similarities, but few lexical similarities. Blench (2016) considers Talodi and Heiban to each be separate, independent Niger-Congo branches that had later converged due to mutual contact.

Talodi and Heiban had each constituted a group of the Kordofanian branch of Niger–Congo that was posited by Joseph Greenberg (1963); Talodi has also been called Talodi–Masakin, and Heiban has also been called Koalib or Koalib–Moro. Roger Blench notes that the Talodi and Heiban families have the noun-class systems characteristic of the Atlantic–Congo core of Niger–Congo, but that the Katla languages (another putative branch of Kordofanian) have no trace of ever having had such a system, whereas the Kadu languages and some of the Rashad languages appear to have acquired noun classes as part of a Sprachbund, rather than having inherited them. He concludes that the Kordofanian languages do not form a genealogical group, but that Talodi–Heiban is core Niger–Congo, whereas Katla and Rashad form a peripheral branch (or perhaps branches) along the lines of Mande. The Kadu languages may be Nilo-Saharan.

Talodi–Heiban 

 Heiban 

 East 

 

Ko (Fungor, Kau, Nyaro)

 
 

Warnang (Werni)

 
 
 

 Central 

 

Kwalib (Koalib, Rere)

 
 

 

Logol (Lukha)

 
 

Laro–Ebang (Heiban)

 
 

Utoro (Otoro)

 
 
 
 

Shirumba (Shwai)

 
 West 

 

Tiro (Tira)

 
 

Moro

 
 
 
 
 Talodi 

 

†Nding (Eliri)

 
 

Jomang (Talodi)

 
 Tocho 

Tocho (Tacho), Acheron (Asheron), Lumun, †Torona

 
 Masakin 

Ngile (Daloka), Dengebu (Dagik)

 
 
 
  • † = extinct

Lafofa (Tegem), sometimes classified as a divergent Talodi language, has a different set of cognates with other Niger–Congo and has been placed in its own branch of Niger–Congo.

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Talodi". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
  2. ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Heiban". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
  3. ↑ Gerrit Dimmendaal, 2008. "Language Ecology and Linguistic Diversity on the African Continent", Language and Linguistics Compass 2/5:842.
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