Suwanosejima

Suwanosejima
Native name: Japanese: 諏訪之瀬島
Geography
Location East China Sea
Coordinates 29°38′N 129°43′E / 29.633°N 129.717°E / 29.633; 129.717
Archipelago Tokara Islands
Area 27.66 km2 (10.68 sq mi)
Coastline 27.15 km (16.87 mi)
Highest elevation 796 m (2,612 ft)
Highest point Otake
Administration
Japan
Kagoshima Prefecture
Demographics
Population 48 (2004)
Ethnic groups Japanese

Suwanosejima (諏訪之瀬島) is one of the Tokara Islands, belonging to Kagoshima Prefecture. The island covers 27.66 km² in area and has a population of 48 persons.[1] Although the island has an airport, there are no regularly scheduled services, and access is normally by ferry to the city of Kagoshima on the mainland. The island is about nine hours by boat from the mainland. The islanders are dependent mainly on agriculture, fishing and seasonal tourism.[2]

Geography

Suwanosejima is the second largest of the islands in the Tokara archipelago, and is located 21 kilometres (11 nmi) southwest from Nakanoshima. The highest elevation is Otake (御岳), with a height of 796 metres (2,612 ft) above sea level, which is the exposed cone of an active stratovolcano arising from the ocean floor. The local climate is classified as subtropical, with a rainy season from May through September.

History

Suwanosejima has been populated sporadically (depending on volcanic activity), for several thousand years. The island was once part of the Ryukyu Kingdom. During the Edo period, Suwanosejima was part of Satsuma Domain and was administered as part of Kawabe District.

It was abandoned after a great 15th century eruption, until it was resettled by people of the Amami Islands in the 19th century.[3] After large-scale Plinian eruptions from 1813-1814, which ejected a large amount of scoria and saw lava flows to the west coast, the island was abandoned by its inhabitants again until 1883. Further eruptions occurred in 1877, 1914-1915, 1921, 1922-1925, 1938, 1940, 1949, 1950-1954, 1957-1999, 2001-2002 and 2004-present. One of the most active volcanic islands in the world, Suwanosejima recorded 156 volcanic eruptions in 2008 and 216 in 2009.

In 1896, the island was transferred to the administrative control of Ōshima District, Kagoshima, and from 1911 was administered as part of the village of Toshima, Kagoshima. From 1946-1952, the island was administered by the United States as part of the Provisional Government of Northern Ryukyu Islands.

It is the home of Buzoku, also called the Banyan Ashram, a commune founded in the 1960s by Sansei Yamao, Nanao Sakaki, and others, and home for a while to American poet and scholar Gary Snyder.

See also

References

  1. ↑ 人口 (PDF) (in Japanese). Tokara Village. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 July 2011. Retrieved 18 August 2010.
  2. ↑ Shurtleff 1998, pg. 274
  3. ↑ Snyder 1999, pg. 63

Bibliography

  • National Geospatial Intelligence Agency (NGIA). Prostar Sailing Directions 2005 Japan Enroute. Prostar Publications (2005). ISBN 1577856511
  • Das, Bhagavan (1997). It's Here Now (Are You?) Broadway. ISBN 0-7679-0008-1
  • Halper, Jon, ed. Gary Snyder: Dimensions of a Life (1991) Sierra Club Books. ISBN 0-87156-616-8
  • Shurtleff, William and Aoyagi, Akiko (1998). The Book of Tofu. ISBN 978-1-58008-013-2
  • Snyder, Gary. The Gary Snyder Reader (1999) Counterpoint. ISBN 978-1-887178-90-7
  • Suwanosejima - Toshima Village Official Website (in Japanese)
  • Suwanosejima - Japan Meteorological Agency (in Japanese)
  • "Suwanosejima: National catalogue of the active volcanoes in Japan" (PDF). - Japan Meteorological Agency
  • Suwanose Jima - Geological Survey of Japan
  • Suwanosejima: Global Volcanism Program - Smithsonian Institution
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