Susuman

Susuman
Сусуман (Russian)
-  Town[1]  -

View of central Susuman

Location of Magadan Oblast in Russia
Susuman
Location of Susuman in Magadan Oblast
Coat of arms
Flag
Administrative status (as of November 2012)
Country Russia
Federal subject Magadan Oblast[1]
Administrative district Susumansky District[1]
Administrative center of Susumansky District[1]
Municipal status (as of November 2012)
Municipal district Susumansky Municipal District[2]
Urban settlement Susuman Urban Settlement[2]
Administrative center of Susumansky Municipal District,[3] Susuman Urban Settlement[2]
Statistics
Population (2010 Census) 5,855 inhabitants[4]
Time zone MAGT (UTC+11:00)[5]
Founded 1936
Town status since 1964
Postal code(s)[6] 686314
Dialing code(s) +7 41345
Website www.magadan.ru/ru/municipal/rnsusuman/susuman.html
Susuman on Wikimedia Commons

Susuman (Russian: Сусума́н) is a town and the administrative center of Susumansky District in Magadan Oblast, Russia, located on the Berelyokh River, 650 kilometers (400 mi) northwest of Magadan, the administrative center of the oblast. Population: 5,855 (2010 Census);[4] 7,833 (2002 Census);[7] 16,818 (1989 Census).[8]

Geography

The town lies in the Kolyma region near where the Susuman River joins the Berelyokh. The town sits on the M56 Kolyma Highway, an unsealed track often known as the "Road of Bones", which connects Yakutsk with Magadan.

History

It was founded in 1936 as a settlement of a sovkhoz called Susuman, named after the nearby river of the same name. In 1938, the settlement was greatly expanded to become a center of gold mining in the western part of what is now Magadan Oblast under the control of Dalstroy.

Gold mining and other industrial operations in the region were largely reliant on corrective labor camps of the Gulag system, with a large number operating in Susuman's vicinity. From 1949 until 1956, Susuman was the base for one of the Soviet Union's largest corrective labor camps, the Zaplag of the Dalstroy program. During this time, up to 16,500 prisoners were kept in the camps.

Susuman was granted town status in 1964. In the post-Soviet period, the population dropped significantly, from a high of around 18,000 inhabitants in 1991, down to 5,855 as of the 2010 Census.


Climate

Susuman has an extreme dry-winter subarctic climate (Koppen climate classification Dwd/Dwc) with extremely cold, dry winters and short, very mild summers. It is one of the coldest pernamently inhabited settlements in the world, with yearly mean temperature of −12.5 °C (9.5 °F)

Climate data for Susuman (1937-2012)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) −5.2
(22.6)		 −5.2
(22.6)		 0.2
(32.4)		 12.1
(53.8)		 26.1
(79)		 32.0
(89.6)		 35.0
(95)		 33.0
(91.4)		 24.4
(75.9)		 11.3
(52.3)		 2.1
(35.8)		 −1.6
(29.1)		 35
(95)
Average high °C (°F) −33.7
(−28.7)		 −28.2
(−18.8)		 −17.6
(0.3)		 −4.9
(23.2)		 8.0
(46.4)		 18.6
(65.5)		 21.2
(70.2)		 17.7
(63.9)		 8.7
(47.7)		 −8
(18)		 −25.2
(−13.4)		 −33.6
(−28.5)		 −6.4
(20.5)
Daily mean °C (°F) −37.9
(−36.2)		 −33.6
(−28.5)		 −25.4
(−13.7)		 −12.7
(9.1)		 1.9
(35.4)		 11.2
(52.2)		 13.9
(57)		 10.6
(51.1)		 2.8
(37)		 −13.6
(7.5)		 −29.7
(−21.5)		 −37.5
(−35.5)		 −12.5
(9.5)
Average low °C (°F) −42.1
(−43.8)		 −39
(−38)		 −33.1
(−27.6)		 −20.5
(−4.9)		 −4.3
(24.3)		 3.8
(38.8)		 6.5
(43.7)		 3.4
(38.1)		 −3.2
(26.2)		 −19.2
(−2.6)		 −34.2
(−29.6)		 −41.4
(−42.5)		 −18.6
(−1.5)
Record low °C (°F) −60.6
(−77.1)		 −59.9
(−75.8)		 −53.7
(−64.7)		 −44
(−47)		 −27.5
(−17.5)		 −8.8
(16.2)		 −4.1
(24.6)		 −11.1
(12)		 −24.3
(−11.7)		 −44.7
(−48.5)		 −53.8
(−64.8)		 −58.5
(−73.3)		 −60.6
(−77.1)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 9.0
(0.354)		 7.2
(0.283)		 4.3
(0.169)		 5.8
(0.228)		 13.7
(0.539)		 44.6
(1.756)		 58.3
(2.295)		 58.5
(2.303)		 30.6
(1.205)		 16.5
(0.65)		 11.6
(0.457)		 10.7
(0.421)		 270.8
(10.66)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) 13.9 11.8 8.1 6.1 7.4 12.7 13.7 13.2 10.2 11.6 13.5 13.1 135.3
Mean monthly sunshine hours 20 89 213 283 273 291 274 223 152 132 53 10 2,013
Source: climatebase.ru (1937-2012)[9]


Administrative and municipal status

Within the framework of administrative divisions, Susuman serves as the administrative center of Susumansky District, to which it is directly subordinated.[1] As a municipal division, the town of Susuman is incorporated within Susumansky Municipal District as Susuman Urban Settlement.[2]

Economy

The town's economy relies mainly on its status as one of the centers of gold mining in the Kolyma region.

Transportation

The town was once served by the Susuman Airport, which now has been turned into a Russian Orthodox church and monastery.

Documentary

Susuman and its nearby Dalstroy goldmine is portrayed in the prizewinning documentary on the Gulag in the far east of Siberia GOLD Lost in Siberia (VPRO/The Netherlands 1994) www.imdb.com by a Dutch filmteam, led by author Gerard Jacobs and filmmaker Theo Uittenbogaard

References

Notes

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 Law #1292-OZ
  2. 1 2 3 4 Law #512-OZ
  3. ↑ Law #511-OZ
  4. 1 2 Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). "Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1" [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года (2010 All-Russia Population Census) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved June 29, 2012.
  5. ↑ Правительство Российской Федерации. Федеральный закон №107-ФЗ от 3 июня 2011 г. «Об исчислении времени», в ред. Федерального закона №271-ФЗ от 03 июля 2016 г. «О внесении изменений в Федеральный закон "Об исчислении времени"». Вступил в силу по истечении шестидесяти дней после дня официального опубликования (6 августа 2011 г.). Опубликован: "Российская газета", №120, 6 июня 2011 г. (Government of the Russian Federation. Federal Law #107-FZ of June 31, 2011 On Calculating Time, as amended by the Federal Law #271-FZ of July 03, 2016 On Amending Federal Law "On Calculating Time". Effective as of after sixty days following the day of the official publication.).
  6. ↑ Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (in Russian)
  7. ↑ Russian Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). "Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек" [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian). Retrieved August 9, 2014.
  8. ↑ Demoscope Weekly (1989). "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров" [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. Retrieved August 9, 2014.
  9. ↑ "climatebase.ru" (in Russian). Retrieved February 15, 2017.

Sources

  • Магаданская областная Дума. Закон №1292-ОЗ от 9 июня 2010 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Магаданской области», в ред. Закона №1756-ОЗ от 9 июня 2014 г. «О внесении изменений в Закон Магаданской области "Об административно-территориальном устройстве Магаданской области"». Вступил в силу через 10 дней после дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: Приложение к газете "Магаданская правда", №63(20183), 16 июня 2010 г. (Magadan Oblast Duma. Law #1292-OZ of June 9, 2010 On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Magadan Oblast, as amended by the Law #1756-OZ of June 9, 2014 On Amending the Law of Magadan Oblast "On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Magadan Oblast". Effective as of the day which is 10 days after the official publication date.).
  • Магаданская областная Дума. Закон №511-ОЗ от 28 декабря 2004 г. «О границах и статусе муниципальных образований в Магаданской области», в ред. Закона №1887-ОЗ от 8 апреля 2015 г. «О преобразовании муниципальных образований "посёлок Усть-Омчуг", "посёлок Омчак", "посёлок им. Гастелло", "посёлок Мадаун" путём их объединения с наделением статуса городского округа». Вступил в силу с 31 декабря 2004 г., за исключением положений, для которых установлены иные сроки вступления в силу. Опубликован: "Магаданская правда", №146 (19370), 29 декабря 2004 г. (Magadan Oblast Duma. Law #511-OZ of December 28, 2004 On the Borders and Status of the Municipal Formations in Magadan Oblast, as amended by the Law #1887-OZ of April 8, 2015 On the Transformation of the Municipal Formations of the "Settlement of Ust-Omchug", "Settlement of Omchak", "Settlement of imeni Gastello", "Settlement of Madaun" by Merging Them and Giving Them a Status of the Urban Okrug. Effective as of December 31, 2004, with the exception of clauses for which different dates of taking effect have been set.).
  • Магаданская областная Дума. Закон №512-ОЗ от 28 декабря 2004 г. «О границах и статусе вновь образованных муниципальных образований в Магаданской области», в ред. Закона №1887-ОЗ от 8 апреля 2015 г. «О преобразовании муниципальных образований "посёлок Усть-Омчуг", "посёлок Омчак", "посёлок им. Гастелло", "посёлок Мадаун" путём их объединения с наделением статуса городского округа». Вступил в силу с 31 декабря 2004 г.. Опубликован: "Магаданская правда", №146 (19370), 29 декабря 2004 г. (Magadan Oblast Duma. Law #512-OZ of December 28, 2004 On the Borders and Status of the Newly Established Municipal Formations in Magadan Oblast, as amended by the Law #1887-OZ of April 8, 2015 On the Transformation of the Municipal Formations of the "Settlement of Ust-Omchug", "Settlement of Omchak", "Settlement of imeni Gastello", "Settlement of Madaun" by Merging Them and Giving Them a Status of the Urban Okrug. Effective as of December 31, 2004.).

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